Effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle on Bioaccumulation of ndl-PCBs in Mediterranean Mussels (<i>Mitilus galloprovincialis</i>)
The interaction of nanomaterials with pollutants in the marine environment might alter bioavailability, as well as toxicity, of both nanomaterials and pollutants, representing a risk, not only for marine organisms, but also for consumers through the marine food chain.The aim of this study was to eva...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/7/1208 |
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| author | Federica Gallocchio Alessandra Moressa Francesco Pascoli Alessia Vetri Anna Toffan Tobia Pretto Giuseppe Arcangeli Roberto Angeletti Antonia Ricci |
| author_facet | Federica Gallocchio Alessandra Moressa Francesco Pascoli Alessia Vetri Anna Toffan Tobia Pretto Giuseppe Arcangeli Roberto Angeletti Antonia Ricci |
| author_sort | Federica Gallocchio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The interaction of nanomaterials with pollutants in the marine environment might alter bioavailability, as well as toxicity, of both nanomaterials and pollutants, representing a risk, not only for marine organisms, but also for consumers through the marine food chain.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs) in terms of bioaccumulation and toxicity on Mediterranean mussels (<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>) exposed to six-indicator non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (ndl-PCBs). Mussels were exposed to ndl-PCBs (20 µg/mL) (groups 3–4) or to a combination of ndl-PCBs (20 µg/mL) and TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs (100 µg/mL) (groups 5–6) for four consecutive days. TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs was detected in groups 5–6 (3247 ± 567 and 1620 ± 223 µg/kg respectively), but their presence did not affect ndl-PCBs bioaccumulation in mussels. In fact, in groups 3–4, the concentration of ndl-PCBs (ranging from 3818.4 ± 166.0–10,176 ± 664.3 µg/kg and 2712.7 ± 36.1–9498.0 ± 794.1 µg/kg respectively) was not statistically different from that of groups 5–6 (3048.6 ± 24.0–14,635.9 ± 1029.3 and 5726.0 ± 571.0–9931.2 ± 700.3 µg/kg respectively). Histological analyses showed alterations to the structure of the gill tissue with respect to the control groups, with more severe and diffuse dilatation of the central hemolymphatic vessels of the gill lamellae in groups 5–6 (treated with TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs and ndl-PCBs concurrently) compared to groups 3–4 (ndl-PCBs only). Finally, in mussels submitted to a seven-day depuration process, most TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs were eliminated, and NPs had a synergistic effect on ndl-PCBs elimination; as a matter of fact, in groups 5–6, the percentage of concentration was statically inferior to the one observed in groups 3–4. In any case, consumers might be exposed to TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs and ndl-PCBs (both concurrently and separately) if edible mussels, harvested in a contaminated environment, are consumed without a proper depuration process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:44:04Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:44:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b00434130a3a4b62ba31f03711340fec2023-11-17T16:14:16ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-03-01137120810.3390/ani13071208Effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle on Bioaccumulation of ndl-PCBs in Mediterranean Mussels (<i>Mitilus galloprovincialis</i>)Federica Gallocchio0Alessandra Moressa1Francesco Pascoli2Alessia Vetri3Anna Toffan4Tobia Pretto5Giuseppe Arcangeli6Roberto Angeletti7Antonia Ricci8Laboratorio di Chimica, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per i Nanomateriali Negli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padova, ItalyLaboratorio di Chimica, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per i Nanomateriali Negli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padova, ItalyLaboratorio di Ittiovirologia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padova, ItalyNational Reference Centre for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseaseas, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padova, ItalyLaboratorio di Ittiovirologia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padova, ItalyNational Reference Centre for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseaseas, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padova, ItalyNational Reference Centre for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseaseas, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padova, ItalyLaboratorio di Chimica, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per i Nanomateriali Negli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padova, ItalyDirezione Generale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padova, ItalyThe interaction of nanomaterials with pollutants in the marine environment might alter bioavailability, as well as toxicity, of both nanomaterials and pollutants, representing a risk, not only for marine organisms, but also for consumers through the marine food chain.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs) in terms of bioaccumulation and toxicity on Mediterranean mussels (<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>) exposed to six-indicator non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (ndl-PCBs). Mussels were exposed to ndl-PCBs (20 µg/mL) (groups 3–4) or to a combination of ndl-PCBs (20 µg/mL) and TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs (100 µg/mL) (groups 5–6) for four consecutive days. TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs was detected in groups 5–6 (3247 ± 567 and 1620 ± 223 µg/kg respectively), but their presence did not affect ndl-PCBs bioaccumulation in mussels. In fact, in groups 3–4, the concentration of ndl-PCBs (ranging from 3818.4 ± 166.0–10,176 ± 664.3 µg/kg and 2712.7 ± 36.1–9498.0 ± 794.1 µg/kg respectively) was not statistically different from that of groups 5–6 (3048.6 ± 24.0–14,635.9 ± 1029.3 and 5726.0 ± 571.0–9931.2 ± 700.3 µg/kg respectively). Histological analyses showed alterations to the structure of the gill tissue with respect to the control groups, with more severe and diffuse dilatation of the central hemolymphatic vessels of the gill lamellae in groups 5–6 (treated with TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs and ndl-PCBs concurrently) compared to groups 3–4 (ndl-PCBs only). Finally, in mussels submitted to a seven-day depuration process, most TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs were eliminated, and NPs had a synergistic effect on ndl-PCBs elimination; as a matter of fact, in groups 5–6, the percentage of concentration was statically inferior to the one observed in groups 3–4. In any case, consumers might be exposed to TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs and ndl-PCBs (both concurrently and separately) if edible mussels, harvested in a contaminated environment, are consumed without a proper depuration process.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/7/1208nanoparticlesPCBsspICP-MSGC-MSMSmussels |
| spellingShingle | Federica Gallocchio Alessandra Moressa Francesco Pascoli Alessia Vetri Anna Toffan Tobia Pretto Giuseppe Arcangeli Roberto Angeletti Antonia Ricci Effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle on Bioaccumulation of ndl-PCBs in Mediterranean Mussels (<i>Mitilus galloprovincialis</i>) Animals nanoparticles PCBs spICP-MS GC-MSMS mussels |
| title | Effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle on Bioaccumulation of ndl-PCBs in Mediterranean Mussels (<i>Mitilus galloprovincialis</i>) |
| title_full | Effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle on Bioaccumulation of ndl-PCBs in Mediterranean Mussels (<i>Mitilus galloprovincialis</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle on Bioaccumulation of ndl-PCBs in Mediterranean Mussels (<i>Mitilus galloprovincialis</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle on Bioaccumulation of ndl-PCBs in Mediterranean Mussels (<i>Mitilus galloprovincialis</i>) |
| title_short | Effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle on Bioaccumulation of ndl-PCBs in Mediterranean Mussels (<i>Mitilus galloprovincialis</i>) |
| title_sort | effect of tio sub 2 sub nanoparticle on bioaccumulation of ndl pcbs in mediterranean mussels i mitilus galloprovincialis i |
| topic | nanoparticles PCBs spICP-MS GC-MSMS mussels |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/7/1208 |
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