The perverse impact of external reference pricing (ERP): a comparison of orphan drugs affordability in 12 European countries. A call for policy change
Objective: The study compared the relative cost differences of similar orphan drugs among high and low GDP countries in Europe: Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, UK. Methods: Annual treatment costs per patient were calculated. Relative costs w...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Market Access & Health Policy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20016689.2017.1369817 |
| _version_ | 1797231151011594240 |
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| author | K. E. Young I. Soussi M. Toumi |
| author_facet | K. E. Young I. Soussi M. Toumi |
| author_sort | K. E. Young |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: The study compared the relative cost differences of similar orphan drugs among high and low GDP countries in Europe: Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, UK. Methods: Annual treatment costs per patient were calculated. Relative costs were computed by dividing the costs by each economic parameter: nominal GDP per capita, GDP in PPP per capita, % GDP contributed by the government, government budget per inhabitant, % GDP spent on healthcare, % GDP spent on pharmaceuticals, and average annual salary. An international comparison of the relative costs was done using UK as the reference country and results were analysed descriptively. Results: 120 orphan drugs were included. The median annual costs of orphan drugs in all countries varied minimally (cost ratios: 0.87 to 1.08). When the costs were adjusted using GDP per capita, the EU-5 and Nordic countries maintained minimal difference in median cost. However, the lower GDP countries showed three to six times higher relative costs. The same pattern was evident when costs were adjusted using the other economic parameters. Conclusion: When the country’s ability to pay is taken into consideration, lower GDP countries pay relatively higher costs for similarly available orphan drugs in Europe. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T15:39:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0080df2fdae41998e23d496623f95db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2001-6689 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T15:39:49Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Market Access & Health Policy |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0080df2fdae41998e23d496623f95db2024-04-02T00:24:52ZengMDPI AGJournal of Market Access & Health Policy2001-66892017-01-015110.1080/20016689.2017.13698171369817The perverse impact of external reference pricing (ERP): a comparison of orphan drugs affordability in 12 European countries. A call for policy changeK. E. Young0I. Soussi1M. Toumi2Creativ-CeuticalCreativ-CeuticalAix-Marseille UniversitéObjective: The study compared the relative cost differences of similar orphan drugs among high and low GDP countries in Europe: Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, UK. Methods: Annual treatment costs per patient were calculated. Relative costs were computed by dividing the costs by each economic parameter: nominal GDP per capita, GDP in PPP per capita, % GDP contributed by the government, government budget per inhabitant, % GDP spent on healthcare, % GDP spent on pharmaceuticals, and average annual salary. An international comparison of the relative costs was done using UK as the reference country and results were analysed descriptively. Results: 120 orphan drugs were included. The median annual costs of orphan drugs in all countries varied minimally (cost ratios: 0.87 to 1.08). When the costs were adjusted using GDP per capita, the EU-5 and Nordic countries maintained minimal difference in median cost. However, the lower GDP countries showed three to six times higher relative costs. The same pattern was evident when costs were adjusted using the other economic parameters. Conclusion: When the country’s ability to pay is taken into consideration, lower GDP countries pay relatively higher costs for similarly available orphan drugs in Europe.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20016689.2017.1369817Rare diseasesorphan drugspricingdifferential pricingexternal reference pricingtreatment costrelative costsaffordabilityability to payEurope |
| spellingShingle | K. E. Young I. Soussi M. Toumi The perverse impact of external reference pricing (ERP): a comparison of orphan drugs affordability in 12 European countries. A call for policy change Journal of Market Access & Health Policy Rare diseases orphan drugs pricing differential pricing external reference pricing treatment cost relative costs affordability ability to pay Europe |
| title | The perverse impact of external reference pricing (ERP): a comparison of orphan drugs affordability in 12 European countries. A call for policy change |
| title_full | The perverse impact of external reference pricing (ERP): a comparison of orphan drugs affordability in 12 European countries. A call for policy change |
| title_fullStr | The perverse impact of external reference pricing (ERP): a comparison of orphan drugs affordability in 12 European countries. A call for policy change |
| title_full_unstemmed | The perverse impact of external reference pricing (ERP): a comparison of orphan drugs affordability in 12 European countries. A call for policy change |
| title_short | The perverse impact of external reference pricing (ERP): a comparison of orphan drugs affordability in 12 European countries. A call for policy change |
| title_sort | perverse impact of external reference pricing erp a comparison of orphan drugs affordability in 12 european countries a call for policy change |
| topic | Rare diseases orphan drugs pricing differential pricing external reference pricing treatment cost relative costs affordability ability to pay Europe |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20016689.2017.1369817 |
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