Novel Entries in a Fungal Biofilm Matrix Encyclopedia
ABSTRACT Virulence of Candida is linked with its ability to form biofilms. Once established, biofilm infections are nearly impossible to eradicate. Biofilm cells live immersed in a self-produced matrix, a blend of extracellular biopolymers, many of which are uncharacterized. In this study, we provid...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Society for Microbiology
2014-08-01
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| Series: | mBio |
| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01333-14 |
| _version_ | 1830272492723240960 |
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| author | Robert Zarnowski William M. Westler Ghislain Ade Lacmbouh Jane M. Marita Jameson R. Bothe Jörg Bernhardt Anissa Lounes-Hadj Sahraoui Joël Fontaine Hiram Sanchez Ronald D. Hatfield James M. Ntambi Jeniel E. Nett Aaron P. Mitchell David R. Andes |
| author_facet | Robert Zarnowski William M. Westler Ghislain Ade Lacmbouh Jane M. Marita Jameson R. Bothe Jörg Bernhardt Anissa Lounes-Hadj Sahraoui Joël Fontaine Hiram Sanchez Ronald D. Hatfield James M. Ntambi Jeniel E. Nett Aaron P. Mitchell David R. Andes |
| author_sort | Robert Zarnowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Virulence of Candida is linked with its ability to form biofilms. Once established, biofilm infections are nearly impossible to eradicate. Biofilm cells live immersed in a self-produced matrix, a blend of extracellular biopolymers, many of which are uncharacterized. In this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the matrix manufactured by Candida albicans both in vitro and in a clinical niche animal model. We further explore the function of matrix components, including the impact on drug resistance. We uncovered components from each of the macromolecular classes (55% protein, 25% carbohydrate, 15% lipid, and 5% nucleic acid) in the C. albicans biofilm matrix. Three individual polysaccharides were identified and were suggested to interact physically. Surprisingly, a previously identified polysaccharide of functional importance, β-1,3-glucan, comprised only a small portion of the total matrix carbohydrate. Newly described, more abundant polysaccharides included α-1,2 branched α-1,6-mannans (87%) associated with unbranched β-1,6-glucans (13%) in an apparent mannan-glucan complex (MGCx). Functional matrix proteomic analysis revealed 458 distinct activities. The matrix lipids consisted of neutral glycerolipids (89.1%), polar glycerolipids (10.4%), and sphingolipids (0.5%). Examination of matrix nucleic acid identified DNA, primarily noncoding sequences. Several of the in vitro matrix components, including proteins and each of the polysaccharides, were also present in the matrix of a clinically relevant in vivo biofilm. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis demonstrated interaction of aggregate matrix with the antifungal fluconazole, consistent with a role in drug impedance and contribution of multiple matrix components. IMPORTANCE This report is the first to decipher the complex and unique macromolecular composition of the Candida biofilm matrix, demonstrate the clinical relevance of matrix components, and show that multiple matrix components are needed for protection from antifungal drugs. The availability of these biochemical analyses provides a unique resource for further functional investigation of the biofilm matrix, a defining trait of this lifestyle. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T23:25:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b01789ea810348e691a8c1064b7ff2c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2150-7511 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T23:25:16Z |
| publishDate | 2014-08-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | mBio |
| spelling | doaj.art-b01789ea810348e691a8c1064b7ff2c52022-12-21T20:47:49ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymBio2150-75112014-08-015410.1128/mBio.01333-14Novel Entries in a Fungal Biofilm Matrix EncyclopediaRobert Zarnowski0William M. Westler1Ghislain Ade Lacmbouh2Jane M. Marita3Jameson R. Bothe4Jörg Bernhardt5Anissa Lounes-Hadj Sahraoui6Joël Fontaine7Hiram Sanchez8Ronald D. Hatfield9James M. Ntambi10Jeniel E. Nett11Aaron P. Mitchell12David R. Andes13Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USANational Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USADepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USADairy Forage Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin, USADepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USAUniversitat Institute for Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, GermanyUniversité du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale at Interactions sur le Vivant, Calais, FranceUniversité du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale at Interactions sur le Vivant, Calais, FranceDepartment of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USADairy Forage Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin, USADepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USADepartment of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USABiological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USAABSTRACT Virulence of Candida is linked with its ability to form biofilms. Once established, biofilm infections are nearly impossible to eradicate. Biofilm cells live immersed in a self-produced matrix, a blend of extracellular biopolymers, many of which are uncharacterized. In this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the matrix manufactured by Candida albicans both in vitro and in a clinical niche animal model. We further explore the function of matrix components, including the impact on drug resistance. We uncovered components from each of the macromolecular classes (55% protein, 25% carbohydrate, 15% lipid, and 5% nucleic acid) in the C. albicans biofilm matrix. Three individual polysaccharides were identified and were suggested to interact physically. Surprisingly, a previously identified polysaccharide of functional importance, β-1,3-glucan, comprised only a small portion of the total matrix carbohydrate. Newly described, more abundant polysaccharides included α-1,2 branched α-1,6-mannans (87%) associated with unbranched β-1,6-glucans (13%) in an apparent mannan-glucan complex (MGCx). Functional matrix proteomic analysis revealed 458 distinct activities. The matrix lipids consisted of neutral glycerolipids (89.1%), polar glycerolipids (10.4%), and sphingolipids (0.5%). Examination of matrix nucleic acid identified DNA, primarily noncoding sequences. Several of the in vitro matrix components, including proteins and each of the polysaccharides, were also present in the matrix of a clinically relevant in vivo biofilm. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis demonstrated interaction of aggregate matrix with the antifungal fluconazole, consistent with a role in drug impedance and contribution of multiple matrix components. IMPORTANCE This report is the first to decipher the complex and unique macromolecular composition of the Candida biofilm matrix, demonstrate the clinical relevance of matrix components, and show that multiple matrix components are needed for protection from antifungal drugs. The availability of these biochemical analyses provides a unique resource for further functional investigation of the biofilm matrix, a defining trait of this lifestyle.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01333-14 |
| spellingShingle | Robert Zarnowski William M. Westler Ghislain Ade Lacmbouh Jane M. Marita Jameson R. Bothe Jörg Bernhardt Anissa Lounes-Hadj Sahraoui Joël Fontaine Hiram Sanchez Ronald D. Hatfield James M. Ntambi Jeniel E. Nett Aaron P. Mitchell David R. Andes Novel Entries in a Fungal Biofilm Matrix Encyclopedia mBio |
| title | Novel Entries in a Fungal Biofilm Matrix Encyclopedia |
| title_full | Novel Entries in a Fungal Biofilm Matrix Encyclopedia |
| title_fullStr | Novel Entries in a Fungal Biofilm Matrix Encyclopedia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Entries in a Fungal Biofilm Matrix Encyclopedia |
| title_short | Novel Entries in a Fungal Biofilm Matrix Encyclopedia |
| title_sort | novel entries in a fungal biofilm matrix encyclopedia |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01333-14 |
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