NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems
The development and utilization of a series of after-treatment devices in modern vehicles has led to an increase in emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> and/or N<sub>2</sub>O with respect to the past. N<sub>2</sub>O is a long-lived greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting sub...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10055 |
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| author | Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa Roberto Gioria Tommaso Selleri Velizara Lilova Anastasios Melas Yusuke Onishi Jacopo Franzetti Fabrizio Forloni Adolfo Perujo |
| author_facet | Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa Roberto Gioria Tommaso Selleri Velizara Lilova Anastasios Melas Yusuke Onishi Jacopo Franzetti Fabrizio Forloni Adolfo Perujo |
| author_sort | Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development and utilization of a series of after-treatment devices in modern vehicles has led to an increase in emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> and/or N<sub>2</sub>O with respect to the past. N<sub>2</sub>O is a long-lived greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting substance, while NH<sub>3</sub> is a precursor of secondary aerosols in the atmosphere. Certain regions, e.g., the EU and the USA, have introduced limits to the emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> or N<sub>2</sub>O for vehicles tested in the laboratory. However, due to the lack of on-board systems that allow for the measurement of these compounds when the regulations were developed, these vehicles’ real-world emissions have not been regulated. This work evaluates on-board systems that could allow measuring real-world emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O from heavy-duty vehicles. In particular, emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> or N<sub>2</sub>O from a Euro VI Step D urban/interurban bus fueled with Compressed Natural Gas were measured using the HORIBA’s OBS-ONE-XL, which is based on a specifically developed technique called Infrared Laser Absorption Modulation, and uses a Quantum Cascade Laser as a light source. They were also measured using the PEMS-LAB, which is a more conventional FTIR-based system. Emissions were measured under real-world driving conditions on the road and in a climatic test cell at different ambient temperatures. For most of the conditions tested, the on-board systems correlated well with a laboratory-grade FTIR used as reference. In addition, a good correlation with R<sup>2</sup> > 0.9 was found for the N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations measured by OBS-ONE-XL and PEMS-LAB during on-road testing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:06:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b01911f4b1834c66bea7739a6a561ac3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:06:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b01911f4b1834c66bea7739a6a561ac32023-11-22T20:27:11ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-10-0111211005510.3390/app112110055NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement SystemsRicardo Suarez-Bertoa0Roberto Gioria1Tommaso Selleri2Velizara Lilova3Anastasios Melas4Yusuke Onishi5Jacopo Franzetti6Fabrizio Forloni7Adolfo Perujo8European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyHORIBA Europe GmbH, Emission Engineering, Automotive Test Systems, Hans-Mess-Str. 6, 61440 Oberursel, GermanyEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyHORIBA, Ltd., 1-15-1 Noka, Otsu-shi 520-0102, Shiga, JapanEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyThe development and utilization of a series of after-treatment devices in modern vehicles has led to an increase in emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> and/or N<sub>2</sub>O with respect to the past. N<sub>2</sub>O is a long-lived greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting substance, while NH<sub>3</sub> is a precursor of secondary aerosols in the atmosphere. Certain regions, e.g., the EU and the USA, have introduced limits to the emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> or N<sub>2</sub>O for vehicles tested in the laboratory. However, due to the lack of on-board systems that allow for the measurement of these compounds when the regulations were developed, these vehicles’ real-world emissions have not been regulated. This work evaluates on-board systems that could allow measuring real-world emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O from heavy-duty vehicles. In particular, emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> or N<sub>2</sub>O from a Euro VI Step D urban/interurban bus fueled with Compressed Natural Gas were measured using the HORIBA’s OBS-ONE-XL, which is based on a specifically developed technique called Infrared Laser Absorption Modulation, and uses a Quantum Cascade Laser as a light source. They were also measured using the PEMS-LAB, which is a more conventional FTIR-based system. Emissions were measured under real-world driving conditions on the road and in a climatic test cell at different ambient temperatures. For most of the conditions tested, the on-board systems correlated well with a laboratory-grade FTIR used as reference. In addition, a good correlation with R<sup>2</sup> > 0.9 was found for the N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations measured by OBS-ONE-XL and PEMS-LAB during on-road testing.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10055transport emissionsammonianitrous oxideportable emissions measurements |
| spellingShingle | Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa Roberto Gioria Tommaso Selleri Velizara Lilova Anastasios Melas Yusuke Onishi Jacopo Franzetti Fabrizio Forloni Adolfo Perujo NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems Applied Sciences transport emissions ammonia nitrous oxide portable emissions measurements |
| title | NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems |
| title_full | NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems |
| title_fullStr | NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems |
| title_short | NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems |
| title_sort | nh sub 3 sub and n sub 2 sub o real world emissions measurement from a cng heavy duty vehicle using on board measurement systems |
| topic | transport emissions ammonia nitrous oxide portable emissions measurements |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10055 |
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