Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Age Related Macular Degeneration, Role in Pathophysiology, and Possible New Therapeutic Strategies
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of legal blindness in developed countries. It is a multifactorial disease in which a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to increased risk of developing this vision-incapacitating condition. Oxidative stress plays a ce...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/8/1170 |
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| author | Valentina Bilbao-Malavé Jorge González-Zamora Miriam de la Puente Sergio Recalde Patricia Fernandez-Robredo María Hernandez Alfredo Garcia Layana Manuel Saenz de Viteri |
| author_facet | Valentina Bilbao-Malavé Jorge González-Zamora Miriam de la Puente Sergio Recalde Patricia Fernandez-Robredo María Hernandez Alfredo Garcia Layana Manuel Saenz de Viteri |
| author_sort | Valentina Bilbao-Malavé |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of legal blindness in developed countries. It is a multifactorial disease in which a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to increased risk of developing this vision-incapacitating condition. Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathophysiology of AMD and recent publications have highlighted the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in this disease. Although treatment with vascular endothelium growth factor inhibitors have decreased the risk of blindness in patients with the exudative form of AMD, the search for new therapeutic options continues to prevent the loss of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium cells, characteristic of late stage AMD. In this review, we explain how mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress participate in AMD pathogenesis. We also discuss a role of several antioxidants (bile acids, resveratrol, melatonin, humanin, and coenzyme Q10) in amelioration of AMD pathology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:03:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b01c1269e32d48b4999f22a7f933fca6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:03:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-b01c1269e32d48b4999f22a7f933fca62023-11-22T06:35:07ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-07-01108117010.3390/antiox10081170Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Age Related Macular Degeneration, Role in Pathophysiology, and Possible New Therapeutic StrategiesValentina Bilbao-Malavé0Jorge González-Zamora1Miriam de la Puente2Sergio Recalde3Patricia Fernandez-Robredo4María Hernandez5Alfredo Garcia Layana6Manuel Saenz de Viteri7Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainRetinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainRetinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainRetinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainAge related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of legal blindness in developed countries. It is a multifactorial disease in which a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to increased risk of developing this vision-incapacitating condition. Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathophysiology of AMD and recent publications have highlighted the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in this disease. Although treatment with vascular endothelium growth factor inhibitors have decreased the risk of blindness in patients with the exudative form of AMD, the search for new therapeutic options continues to prevent the loss of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium cells, characteristic of late stage AMD. In this review, we explain how mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress participate in AMD pathogenesis. We also discuss a role of several antioxidants (bile acids, resveratrol, melatonin, humanin, and coenzyme Q10) in amelioration of AMD pathology.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/8/1170age related macular degenerationmitochondriaendoplasmic reticulumoxidative stressantioxidantsbile acids |
| spellingShingle | Valentina Bilbao-Malavé Jorge González-Zamora Miriam de la Puente Sergio Recalde Patricia Fernandez-Robredo María Hernandez Alfredo Garcia Layana Manuel Saenz de Viteri Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Age Related Macular Degeneration, Role in Pathophysiology, and Possible New Therapeutic Strategies Antioxidants age related macular degeneration mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum oxidative stress antioxidants bile acids |
| title | Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Age Related Macular Degeneration, Role in Pathophysiology, and Possible New Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_full | Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Age Related Macular Degeneration, Role in Pathophysiology, and Possible New Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Age Related Macular Degeneration, Role in Pathophysiology, and Possible New Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Age Related Macular Degeneration, Role in Pathophysiology, and Possible New Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_short | Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Age Related Macular Degeneration, Role in Pathophysiology, and Possible New Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_sort | mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in age related macular degeneration role in pathophysiology and possible new therapeutic strategies |
| topic | age related macular degeneration mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum oxidative stress antioxidants bile acids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/8/1170 |
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