Cost-benefit analysis of ballast water treatment for three major port clusters in China: evaluation of different scenario strategies
IntroductionThe expansion of maritime trade has led to the introduction of invasive species into aquatic ecosystems through ballast water discharge. China, being a major player in global trade and manufacturing, has experienced negative impacts on its coastal ecosystems and marine biodiversity.Metho...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1174550/full |
| _version_ | 1797742189788266496 |
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| author | Anwei Nie Zheng Wan ZhuangFei Shi Zhaojun Wang |
| author_facet | Anwei Nie Zheng Wan ZhuangFei Shi Zhaojun Wang |
| author_sort | Anwei Nie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe expansion of maritime trade has led to the introduction of invasive species into aquatic ecosystems through ballast water discharge. China, being a major player in global trade and manufacturing, has experienced negative impacts on its coastal ecosystems and marine biodiversity.MethodsThis study examines the cost‒benefit trade-offs of ballast water management policies for major port clusters in China and other global ports. This paper evaluates compliance costs for individual vessels and fleets under different policy scenarios and ballast water treatment system (BWTS) installation strategies.ResultsThe onboard BWTS installation strategy appears to be more cost-effective under the existing International Maritime Organization (IMO) policy. However, with stricter global discharge requirements or a substantial increase in BWTS capital and operating costs, strategies based on port location could prove more beneficial due to potential economies of scale. Notably, ships with high ballast water discharge volumes, like bulk carriers, are potentially better equipped to cope with future policy shifts. In the face of stricter regulations in China, projected annual compliance cost increases range from $456 million (cost data based on China) to $1.205 billion (cost data based on US).DiscussionPolicymakers are advised to adopt a comprehensive view of ballast water management policies, taking into account the trade-offs between compliance costs and environmental risks. Other essential factors, such as advancements in BWTS technology, fuel consumption, emissions, and maintenance costs, also demand careful consideration in policy development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:37:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b01ddbc057904cee96977f82414bd575 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:37:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-b01ddbc057904cee96977f82414bd5752023-08-17T03:17:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452023-08-011010.3389/fmars.2023.11745501174550Cost-benefit analysis of ballast water treatment for three major port clusters in China: evaluation of different scenario strategiesAnwei Nie0Zheng Wan1ZhuangFei Shi2Zhaojun Wang3College of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, ChinaCollege of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, ChinaCollege of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, ChinaSmithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, United StatesIntroductionThe expansion of maritime trade has led to the introduction of invasive species into aquatic ecosystems through ballast water discharge. China, being a major player in global trade and manufacturing, has experienced negative impacts on its coastal ecosystems and marine biodiversity.MethodsThis study examines the cost‒benefit trade-offs of ballast water management policies for major port clusters in China and other global ports. This paper evaluates compliance costs for individual vessels and fleets under different policy scenarios and ballast water treatment system (BWTS) installation strategies.ResultsThe onboard BWTS installation strategy appears to be more cost-effective under the existing International Maritime Organization (IMO) policy. However, with stricter global discharge requirements or a substantial increase in BWTS capital and operating costs, strategies based on port location could prove more beneficial due to potential economies of scale. Notably, ships with high ballast water discharge volumes, like bulk carriers, are potentially better equipped to cope with future policy shifts. In the face of stricter regulations in China, projected annual compliance cost increases range from $456 million (cost data based on China) to $1.205 billion (cost data based on US).DiscussionPolicymakers are advised to adopt a comprehensive view of ballast water management policies, taking into account the trade-offs between compliance costs and environmental risks. Other essential factors, such as advancements in BWTS technology, fuel consumption, emissions, and maintenance costs, also demand careful consideration in policy development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1174550/fullmarine transportationbiological invasionballast waterscenario analysiscost-benefit analysis |
| spellingShingle | Anwei Nie Zheng Wan ZhuangFei Shi Zhaojun Wang Cost-benefit analysis of ballast water treatment for three major port clusters in China: evaluation of different scenario strategies Frontiers in Marine Science marine transportation biological invasion ballast water scenario analysis cost-benefit analysis |
| title | Cost-benefit analysis of ballast water treatment for three major port clusters in China: evaluation of different scenario strategies |
| title_full | Cost-benefit analysis of ballast water treatment for three major port clusters in China: evaluation of different scenario strategies |
| title_fullStr | Cost-benefit analysis of ballast water treatment for three major port clusters in China: evaluation of different scenario strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cost-benefit analysis of ballast water treatment for three major port clusters in China: evaluation of different scenario strategies |
| title_short | Cost-benefit analysis of ballast water treatment for three major port clusters in China: evaluation of different scenario strategies |
| title_sort | cost benefit analysis of ballast water treatment for three major port clusters in china evaluation of different scenario strategies |
| topic | marine transportation biological invasion ballast water scenario analysis cost-benefit analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1174550/full |
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