Biosynthesis and Cellular Functions of Tartaric Acid in Grapevines
Tartaric acid (TA) is an obscure end point to the catabolism of ascorbic acid (Asc). Here, it is proposed as a “specialized primary metabolite”, originating from carbohydrate metabolism but with restricted distribution within the plant kingdom and lack of known function in primary metabolic pathways...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.643024/full |
| _version_ | 1818575278704689152 |
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| author | Crista Ann Burbidge Christopher Michael Ford Vanessa Jane Melino Darren Chern Jan Wong Yong Jia Colin Leslie Dow Jenkins Kathleen Lydia Soole Simone Diego Castellarin Philippe Darriet Markus Rienth Claudio Bonghi Robert Peter Walker Franco Famiani Crystal Sweetman |
| author_facet | Crista Ann Burbidge Christopher Michael Ford Vanessa Jane Melino Darren Chern Jan Wong Yong Jia Colin Leslie Dow Jenkins Kathleen Lydia Soole Simone Diego Castellarin Philippe Darriet Markus Rienth Claudio Bonghi Robert Peter Walker Franco Famiani Crystal Sweetman |
| author_sort | Crista Ann Burbidge |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tartaric acid (TA) is an obscure end point to the catabolism of ascorbic acid (Asc). Here, it is proposed as a “specialized primary metabolite”, originating from carbohydrate metabolism but with restricted distribution within the plant kingdom and lack of known function in primary metabolic pathways. Grapes fall into the list of high TA-accumulators, with biosynthesis occurring in both leaf and berry. Very little is known of the TA biosynthetic pathway enzymes in any plant species, although recently some progress has been made in this space. New technologies in grapevine research such as the development of global co-expression network analysis tools and genome-wide association studies, should enable more rapid progress. There is also a lack of information regarding roles for this organic acid in plant metabolism. Therefore this review aims to briefly summarize current knowledge about the key intermediates and enzymes of TA biosynthesis in grapes and the regulation of its precursor, ascorbate, followed by speculative discussion around the potential roles of TA based on current knowledge of Asc metabolism, TA biosynthetic enzymes and other aspects of fruit metabolism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-15T00:38:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0254d696feb428f94d67437073092b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-15T00:38:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0254d696feb428f94d67437073092b12022-12-21T22:41:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2021-03-011210.3389/fpls.2021.643024643024Biosynthesis and Cellular Functions of Tartaric Acid in GrapevinesCrista Ann Burbidge0Christopher Michael Ford1Vanessa Jane Melino2Darren Chern Jan Wong3Yong Jia4Colin Leslie Dow Jenkins5Kathleen Lydia Soole6Simone Diego Castellarin7Philippe Darriet8Markus Rienth9Claudio Bonghi10Robert Peter Walker11Franco Famiani12Crystal Sweetman13Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Glen Osmond, SA, AustraliaSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, AustraliaKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, AustraliaWestern Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, AustraliaCollege of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, AustraliaCollege of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, AustraliaWine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaUniversité Bordeaux, Unité de recherche OEnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d’Ornon, FranceUniversity of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, Nyon, Switzerland0Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy1Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy1Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, ItalyCollege of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, AustraliaTartaric acid (TA) is an obscure end point to the catabolism of ascorbic acid (Asc). Here, it is proposed as a “specialized primary metabolite”, originating from carbohydrate metabolism but with restricted distribution within the plant kingdom and lack of known function in primary metabolic pathways. Grapes fall into the list of high TA-accumulators, with biosynthesis occurring in both leaf and berry. Very little is known of the TA biosynthetic pathway enzymes in any plant species, although recently some progress has been made in this space. New technologies in grapevine research such as the development of global co-expression network analysis tools and genome-wide association studies, should enable more rapid progress. There is also a lack of information regarding roles for this organic acid in plant metabolism. Therefore this review aims to briefly summarize current knowledge about the key intermediates and enzymes of TA biosynthesis in grapes and the regulation of its precursor, ascorbate, followed by speculative discussion around the potential roles of TA based on current knowledge of Asc metabolism, TA biosynthetic enzymes and other aspects of fruit metabolism.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.643024/fullgrapefruittartaric acidmetabolismgeneenzyme |
| spellingShingle | Crista Ann Burbidge Christopher Michael Ford Vanessa Jane Melino Darren Chern Jan Wong Yong Jia Colin Leslie Dow Jenkins Kathleen Lydia Soole Simone Diego Castellarin Philippe Darriet Markus Rienth Claudio Bonghi Robert Peter Walker Franco Famiani Crystal Sweetman Biosynthesis and Cellular Functions of Tartaric Acid in Grapevines Frontiers in Plant Science grape fruit tartaric acid metabolism gene enzyme |
| title | Biosynthesis and Cellular Functions of Tartaric Acid in Grapevines |
| title_full | Biosynthesis and Cellular Functions of Tartaric Acid in Grapevines |
| title_fullStr | Biosynthesis and Cellular Functions of Tartaric Acid in Grapevines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biosynthesis and Cellular Functions of Tartaric Acid in Grapevines |
| title_short | Biosynthesis and Cellular Functions of Tartaric Acid in Grapevines |
| title_sort | biosynthesis and cellular functions of tartaric acid in grapevines |
| topic | grape fruit tartaric acid metabolism gene enzyme |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.643024/full |
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