Reinitializing Sea Surface Temperature in the Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model for Improved Forecasts
The Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model (EICM) is a model used for studying the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean, which is anomalies in the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) are observed. This research aims to implement Cressman to improve SST forecasts. The simulation...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| author | Sittisak Injan Angkool Wangwongchai Usa Humphries Amir Khan Abdullahi Yusuf |
| author_facet | Sittisak Injan Angkool Wangwongchai Usa Humphries Amir Khan Abdullahi Yusuf |
| author_sort | Sittisak Injan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model (EICM) is a model used for studying the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean, which is anomalies in the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) are observed. This research aims to implement Cressman to improve SST forecasts. The simulation considers two cases in this work: the control case and the Cressman initialized case. These cases are simulations using different inputs where the two inputs differ in terms of their resolution and data source. The Cressman method is used to initialize the model with an analysis product based on satellite data and in situ data such as ships, buoys, and Argo floats, with a resolution of 0.25 × 0.25 degrees. The results of this inclusion are the Cressman Initialized Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model (CIEICM). Forecasting of the sea surface temperature anomalies was conducted using both the EICM and the CIEICM. The results show that the calculation of SST field from the CIEICM was more accurate than that from the EICM. The forecast using the CIEICM initialization with the higher-resolution satellite-based analysis at a 6-month lead time improved the root mean square deviation to 0.794 from 0.808 and the correlation coefficient to 0.630 from 0.611, compared the control model that was directly initialized with the low-resolution in-situ-based analysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:54:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0256dd911f542dcb7f8c63e0bce8065 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1680 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:54:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b0256dd911f542dcb7f8c63e0bce80652023-11-22T12:02:42ZengMDPI AGAxioms2075-16802021-08-0110318910.3390/axioms10030189Reinitializing Sea Surface Temperature in the Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model for Improved ForecastsSittisak Injan0Angkool Wangwongchai1Usa Humphries2Amir Khan3Abdullahi Yusuf4Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, ThailandDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, ThailandDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, ThailandDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Swat, Charbagh 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Computer Engineering, Biruni University, Istanbul 34010, TurkeyThe Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model (EICM) is a model used for studying the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean, which is anomalies in the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) are observed. This research aims to implement Cressman to improve SST forecasts. The simulation considers two cases in this work: the control case and the Cressman initialized case. These cases are simulations using different inputs where the two inputs differ in terms of their resolution and data source. The Cressman method is used to initialize the model with an analysis product based on satellite data and in situ data such as ships, buoys, and Argo floats, with a resolution of 0.25 × 0.25 degrees. The results of this inclusion are the Cressman Initialized Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model (CIEICM). Forecasting of the sea surface temperature anomalies was conducted using both the EICM and the CIEICM. The results show that the calculation of SST field from the CIEICM was more accurate than that from the EICM. The forecast using the CIEICM initialization with the higher-resolution satellite-based analysis at a 6-month lead time improved the root mean square deviation to 0.794 from 0.808 and the correlation coefficient to 0.630 from 0.611, compared the control model that was directly initialized with the low-resolution in-situ-based analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/10/3/189cressman methodEICMENSOSSTA |
| spellingShingle | Sittisak Injan Angkool Wangwongchai Usa Humphries Amir Khan Abdullahi Yusuf Reinitializing Sea Surface Temperature in the Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model for Improved Forecasts Axioms cressman method EICM ENSO SSTA |
| title | Reinitializing Sea Surface Temperature in the Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model for Improved Forecasts |
| title_full | Reinitializing Sea Surface Temperature in the Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model for Improved Forecasts |
| title_fullStr | Reinitializing Sea Surface Temperature in the Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model for Improved Forecasts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reinitializing Sea Surface Temperature in the Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model for Improved Forecasts |
| title_short | Reinitializing Sea Surface Temperature in the Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model for Improved Forecasts |
| title_sort | reinitializing sea surface temperature in the ensemble intermediate coupled model for improved forecasts |
| topic | cressman method EICM ENSO SSTA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/10/3/189 |
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