Periodontal microbiota of Sardinian children: comparing 200-year-old samples to present-day ones
Introduction: The microrganisms of the human oral cavity include more than 700 species or phenotypes of bacteria. Some “diseases of civilization” are strictly correlated to changes in the microbiome following the food revolution that occurred after WWII. For that reason, a precise recognition of the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Hygeia Press di Corridori Marinella
2017-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.jpnim.com/index.php/jpnim/article/view/457 |
| _version_ | 1828894387779665920 |
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| author | Germano Orrù Maria Paola Contu Eleonora Casula Cristina Demontis Cornelio Blus Serge Szmukler-Moncler Gabriele Serreli Carla Maserati Giorgio Carlo Steri Vassilios Fanos Ferdinando Coghe Gloria Denotti |
| author_facet | Germano Orrù Maria Paola Contu Eleonora Casula Cristina Demontis Cornelio Blus Serge Szmukler-Moncler Gabriele Serreli Carla Maserati Giorgio Carlo Steri Vassilios Fanos Ferdinando Coghe Gloria Denotti |
| author_sort | Germano Orrù |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: The microrganisms of the human oral cavity include more than 700 species or phenotypes of bacteria. Some “diseases of civilization” are strictly correlated to changes in the microbiome following the food revolution that occurred after WWII. For that reason, a precise recognition of the microbiome profile before and after this period should be useful to determine the health-compatible model of microbiome. The aim of this study was to compare the microbiome profiles (number of total cells, and pathogen types) of dental samples obtained from two distinct groups of children, a 200-year-old retrieved one and a present one.
Methods: Two different groups of samples have been studied. The first group was a set of 50 recent subgingival plaque samples obtained from children of age 2-8 years, 14 males and 36 females. They were enrolled by the Department of Dental Disease Prevention (University of Cagliari, in Sardinia, Italy) during standard dental care procedures. None reported periodontal disease and none had been under antibiotic therapy during the previous 6 months. The second group was an old retrieved group that included 24 teeth from 6 different 6- to 8-year-old crania fragments; they were obtained from a 200-year-old charnel-house located in Villaputzu, a city close to Cagliari. Representative periodontal bacteria have been identified by a previously published real-time PCR procedure (Sokransky et al., 1998) in which P. gingivalis and T. forsythia (red complex), A. actinomycetemcomitans (green complex) and F. nucleatum (orange complex) were detected. In addition, the title of each pathogen was expressed as a percentage of the total bacteria (biofilm) in the sample.
Results and discussion: The profile of periodontal microbiomes, between recent/ancient samples showed a significant difference relative to Sokransky’s red complex bacteria (p < 0.05). In all analyzed periodontal strains, the pathogenic bacteria P. gingivalis and T. forsythia showed the highest title in the recent group.
Conclusions: Our hypothesis is that the transfer of “commensal-pathogen” as an absolute number on the oral biofilm might be linked to the distinct alimentary habits of the two populations. Some diet rich in reducing agents, such as processed meat-based foods, might be able to increase the average number of pathogen anaerobic bacteria in the oral microbiota. The outcome would be an increase of the oral systemic diseases reported with these pathogens. Our data suggest that the ancient Sardinian population was able to control the pathogen oral anaerobic biofilm by some diet rich in antioxidant compounds. Further investigations are required to focus on the genetic profile and the health status of this ancient population but it appears that molecular microbiology might be considered as the “time machine” in oral biology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:09:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b040f343e11647feabd95a8775fced06 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2281-0692 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:09:31Z |
| publishDate | 2017-02-01 |
| publisher | Hygeia Press di Corridori Marinella |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-b040f343e11647feabd95a8775fced062022-12-21T23:42:30ZengHygeia Press di Corridori MarinellaJournal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine2281-06922017-02-0161e060123e06012310.7363/060123385Periodontal microbiota of Sardinian children: comparing 200-year-old samples to present-day onesGermano Orrù0Maria Paola Contu1Eleonora Casula2Cristina Demontis3Cornelio Blus4Serge Szmukler-Moncler5Gabriele Serreli6Carla Maserati7Giorgio Carlo Steri8Vassilios Fanos9Ferdinando Coghe10Gloria Denotti11Molecular Biology Service MBS, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Dental Section, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, ItalyMolecular Biology Service MBS, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, ItalyMolecular Biology Service MBS, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, ItalyMolecular Biology Service MBS, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Dental Section, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, ItalyDental Section, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, ItalyDental Section, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, ItalyLaboratory Medicine Service, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, ItalyHygiene & Public Health Section, Cagliari, ItalyHygiene & Public Health Section, Cagliari, ItalyNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, ItalyLaboratory Medicine Service, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, ItalyDental Section, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, ItalyIntroduction: The microrganisms of the human oral cavity include more than 700 species or phenotypes of bacteria. Some “diseases of civilization” are strictly correlated to changes in the microbiome following the food revolution that occurred after WWII. For that reason, a precise recognition of the microbiome profile before and after this period should be useful to determine the health-compatible model of microbiome. The aim of this study was to compare the microbiome profiles (number of total cells, and pathogen types) of dental samples obtained from two distinct groups of children, a 200-year-old retrieved one and a present one. Methods: Two different groups of samples have been studied. The first group was a set of 50 recent subgingival plaque samples obtained from children of age 2-8 years, 14 males and 36 females. They were enrolled by the Department of Dental Disease Prevention (University of Cagliari, in Sardinia, Italy) during standard dental care procedures. None reported periodontal disease and none had been under antibiotic therapy during the previous 6 months. The second group was an old retrieved group that included 24 teeth from 6 different 6- to 8-year-old crania fragments; they were obtained from a 200-year-old charnel-house located in Villaputzu, a city close to Cagliari. Representative periodontal bacteria have been identified by a previously published real-time PCR procedure (Sokransky et al., 1998) in which P. gingivalis and T. forsythia (red complex), A. actinomycetemcomitans (green complex) and F. nucleatum (orange complex) were detected. In addition, the title of each pathogen was expressed as a percentage of the total bacteria (biofilm) in the sample. Results and discussion: The profile of periodontal microbiomes, between recent/ancient samples showed a significant difference relative to Sokransky’s red complex bacteria (p < 0.05). In all analyzed periodontal strains, the pathogenic bacteria P. gingivalis and T. forsythia showed the highest title in the recent group. Conclusions: Our hypothesis is that the transfer of “commensal-pathogen” as an absolute number on the oral biofilm might be linked to the distinct alimentary habits of the two populations. Some diet rich in reducing agents, such as processed meat-based foods, might be able to increase the average number of pathogen anaerobic bacteria in the oral microbiota. The outcome would be an increase of the oral systemic diseases reported with these pathogens. Our data suggest that the ancient Sardinian population was able to control the pathogen oral anaerobic biofilm by some diet rich in antioxidant compounds. Further investigations are required to focus on the genetic profile and the health status of this ancient population but it appears that molecular microbiology might be considered as the “time machine” in oral biology.https://www.jpnim.com/index.php/jpnim/article/view/457subgingival plaquemicrobiotachildrenancient population |
| spellingShingle | Germano Orrù Maria Paola Contu Eleonora Casula Cristina Demontis Cornelio Blus Serge Szmukler-Moncler Gabriele Serreli Carla Maserati Giorgio Carlo Steri Vassilios Fanos Ferdinando Coghe Gloria Denotti Periodontal microbiota of Sardinian children: comparing 200-year-old samples to present-day ones Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine subgingival plaque microbiota children ancient population |
| title | Periodontal microbiota of Sardinian children: comparing 200-year-old samples to present-day ones |
| title_full | Periodontal microbiota of Sardinian children: comparing 200-year-old samples to present-day ones |
| title_fullStr | Periodontal microbiota of Sardinian children: comparing 200-year-old samples to present-day ones |
| title_full_unstemmed | Periodontal microbiota of Sardinian children: comparing 200-year-old samples to present-day ones |
| title_short | Periodontal microbiota of Sardinian children: comparing 200-year-old samples to present-day ones |
| title_sort | periodontal microbiota of sardinian children comparing 200 year old samples to present day ones |
| topic | subgingival plaque microbiota children ancient population |
| url | https://www.jpnim.com/index.php/jpnim/article/view/457 |
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