Animal bite injuries in the accident and emergency unit at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda
INTRODUCTION: Animal bite injuries are a common public health concern in Uganda. We sought to characterize animal bite injuries among patients presenting to Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. METHODS: this was a cross sectional study from 1st September to 30th November 2011. Parti...
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| Format: | Article |
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The Pan African Medical Journal
2019-06-01
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| Series: | The Pan African Medical Journal |
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https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/33/112/pdf/112.pdf
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| _version_ | 1819349476298457088 |
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| author | Robert Wangoda Jane Nakibuuka Edith Nyangoma Samuel Kizito Teddy Angida |
| author_facet | Robert Wangoda Jane Nakibuuka Edith Nyangoma Samuel Kizito Teddy Angida |
| author_sort | Robert Wangoda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | INTRODUCTION: Animal bite injuries are a common public health concern in Uganda. We sought to characterize animal bite injuries among patients presenting to Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. METHODS: this was a cross sectional study from 1st September to 30th November 2011. Participants were animal bite injury victims presenting to the accident and emergency (AandE) unit at Mulago hospital and were consecutively enrolled into the study. Socio-demographics, severity and patterns of injury, health seeking and dog handling behaviours were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize participant characteristics and the animal bite injuries. Poisson regression model's incident rate ratios (IRR) was used to explore the relationship of the number of days to accessing treatment at Mulago hospital with; a) received prior first aid, b) animal bite injury sustained during day time, c) unknown dog and d) victim resident in Kampala. Data were analyzed using STATA version 12.0 and statistical significance set at P = 0.05. RESULTS: of 25,420 patients that presented to the A and E unit during the study period, 207 (0.8%) had animal bite injuries, mean age 22.7 years (SD 14.3), 64.7% male, and 40.1% were 18 years. Majority 199 (96.1%) were bitten by a lone unrestrained and un-signaled dog that had bitten someone else in 22.2% of cases, and eight victims (0.4%) were attacked in canine gangs of 2-5 dogs. Rabies vaccination was confirmed in only 23 dogs (11.1%) as 109 (52.7%) were unknown to the victims or the communities. One hundred and eighteen victims (57.0%) sustained the dog bites within Kampala district whilst the rest occurred near or far from Kampala district, and the victims especially referred to access anti-rabies vaccine. Of 207, 189 victims (91.3%) presented within 2.6 days (SD 4.3). Two hundred victims (96.6%) sustained extremity injuries while the rest had injuries to other body parts. All injuries were minor and managed on out-patient basis with wound dressing, analgesics, prophylactic antibiotics and anti-rabies vaccination. Victims who received prior first aid had a rate of 1.7 times greater for seeking treatment at Mulago hospital (IRR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.1) compared to those that had no prior first aid. Participants who sustained the animal bite injuries during day time had a rate of 1.6 times greater for seeking treatment at Mulago hospital (IRR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3-2.1) compared to those that sustained injuries at other times. Participants bitten by unknown dog and participants residing in Kampala had IRR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9 and IRR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.8 respectively of accessing treatment at Mulago hospital compared to bitten by known dog and not residing in Kampala. CONCLUSION: dog bites injuries from unrestrained, un-signaled dogs are the commonest source of animal bite injuries especially among children (18 years). Vaccination against rabies was only confirmed for a very small number of dogs, as majority were unknown and likely stray dogs. Government and public sensitization is urgently required to limit stray dogs, vaccinate dogs and restrain them to prevent a grave probability of a looming canine rabies epidemic. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b04310c9b1e1426ab6bbb32f82314636 |
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| issn | 1937-8688 1937-8688 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T19:01:08Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | The Pan African Medical Journal |
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| series | The Pan African Medical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-b04310c9b1e1426ab6bbb32f823146362022-12-21T16:43:13ZengThe Pan African Medical JournalThe Pan African Medical Journal1937-86881937-86882019-06-013311210.11604/pamj.2019.33.112.1662416624Animal bite injuries in the accident and emergency unit at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, UgandaRobert Wangoda0Jane Nakibuuka1Edith Nyangoma2Samuel Kizito3Teddy Angida4 Department of Surgery Masaka Regional Referral Hospital P.O. Box 18, Masaka, Uganda Department of Medicine Mulago National Referral Hospital P. O. Box 7051, Kampala, Uganda Department of Medicine Mulago National Referral Hospital P. O. Box 7051, Kampala, Uganda Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences P.O.Box 7051, Kampala, Uganda Statistics Unit Mulago National Referral Hospital P.O. Box 7051, Kampala, Uganda INTRODUCTION: Animal bite injuries are a common public health concern in Uganda. We sought to characterize animal bite injuries among patients presenting to Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. METHODS: this was a cross sectional study from 1st September to 30th November 2011. Participants were animal bite injury victims presenting to the accident and emergency (AandE) unit at Mulago hospital and were consecutively enrolled into the study. Socio-demographics, severity and patterns of injury, health seeking and dog handling behaviours were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize participant characteristics and the animal bite injuries. Poisson regression model's incident rate ratios (IRR) was used to explore the relationship of the number of days to accessing treatment at Mulago hospital with; a) received prior first aid, b) animal bite injury sustained during day time, c) unknown dog and d) victim resident in Kampala. Data were analyzed using STATA version 12.0 and statistical significance set at P = 0.05. RESULTS: of 25,420 patients that presented to the A and E unit during the study period, 207 (0.8%) had animal bite injuries, mean age 22.7 years (SD 14.3), 64.7% male, and 40.1% were 18 years. Majority 199 (96.1%) were bitten by a lone unrestrained and un-signaled dog that had bitten someone else in 22.2% of cases, and eight victims (0.4%) were attacked in canine gangs of 2-5 dogs. Rabies vaccination was confirmed in only 23 dogs (11.1%) as 109 (52.7%) were unknown to the victims or the communities. One hundred and eighteen victims (57.0%) sustained the dog bites within Kampala district whilst the rest occurred near or far from Kampala district, and the victims especially referred to access anti-rabies vaccine. Of 207, 189 victims (91.3%) presented within 2.6 days (SD 4.3). Two hundred victims (96.6%) sustained extremity injuries while the rest had injuries to other body parts. All injuries were minor and managed on out-patient basis with wound dressing, analgesics, prophylactic antibiotics and anti-rabies vaccination. Victims who received prior first aid had a rate of 1.7 times greater for seeking treatment at Mulago hospital (IRR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.1) compared to those that had no prior first aid. Participants who sustained the animal bite injuries during day time had a rate of 1.6 times greater for seeking treatment at Mulago hospital (IRR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3-2.1) compared to those that sustained injuries at other times. Participants bitten by unknown dog and participants residing in Kampala had IRR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9 and IRR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.8 respectively of accessing treatment at Mulago hospital compared to bitten by known dog and not residing in Kampala. CONCLUSION: dog bites injuries from unrestrained, un-signaled dogs are the commonest source of animal bite injuries especially among children (18 years). Vaccination against rabies was only confirmed for a very small number of dogs, as majority were unknown and likely stray dogs. Government and public sensitization is urgently required to limit stray dogs, vaccinate dogs and restrain them to prevent a grave probability of a looming canine rabies epidemic. https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/33/112/pdf/112.pdf animal biteinjuriesmulagouganda |
| spellingShingle | Robert Wangoda Jane Nakibuuka Edith Nyangoma Samuel Kizito Teddy Angida Animal bite injuries in the accident and emergency unit at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda The Pan African Medical Journal animal bite injuries mulago uganda |
| title | Animal bite injuries in the accident and emergency unit at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda |
| title_full | Animal bite injuries in the accident and emergency unit at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda |
| title_fullStr | Animal bite injuries in the accident and emergency unit at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda |
| title_full_unstemmed | Animal bite injuries in the accident and emergency unit at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda |
| title_short | Animal bite injuries in the accident and emergency unit at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda |
| title_sort | animal bite injuries in the accident and emergency unit at mulago hospital in kampala uganda |
| topic | animal bite injuries mulago uganda |
| url |
https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/33/112/pdf/112.pdf
|
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