Lignin as Alternative Reinforcing Filler in the Rubber Industry: A Review
Lignin has potential as a reinforcing filler and to become an alternative to carbon black in the rubber industry. This is because it is formed from cheaper materials with abundant annually renewable sources and has low weight, high biological efficiency, and wide ecological adaptability. The utiliza...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmats.2019.00329/full |
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| author | Nor Anizah Mohamad Aini Nadras Othman M. Hazwan Hussin Kannika Sahakaro Nabil Hayeemasae |
| author_facet | Nor Anizah Mohamad Aini Nadras Othman M. Hazwan Hussin Kannika Sahakaro Nabil Hayeemasae |
| author_sort | Nor Anizah Mohamad Aini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lignin has potential as a reinforcing filler and to become an alternative to carbon black in the rubber industry. This is because it is formed from cheaper materials with abundant annually renewable sources and has low weight, high biological efficiency, and wide ecological adaptability. The utilization of bio-filler in the rubber industry has garnered increasing attention from researchers due to increasing environmental concerns over the toxic effects of carbon black on health and the environment. This article is intended to summarize current efforts in the development of a green and sustainable rubber product. Instead of focusing on silica and alternative rubber matrix-like guayule and Russian dandelion, it looks at lignin, which also has potential as a reinforcing filler and can enable the development of competitive green rubber composites. Lignin has several special characteristics such as good mechanical, physico-chemical, biodegradability, and antioxidant properties and excellent thermal stability. However, the incorporation of lignin in a rubber matrix is not straightforward, and this needs to be overcome with certain suitable solutions because of the polarity of lignin molecules, which contributes to strong self-interactions. Consequently, chemical modification of lignin is often used to improve the dispersion of lignin in elastomers, or a compatibilizer is added to enhance interfacial adhesion between lignin and the rubber matrix. This review attempts to compile relevant knowledge about the performance of lignin-filled rubber composite using different approaches such as mixing method, surface modification, hybrid fillers, etc. This study is expected to gain significant interest from researchers globally on the subject of lignin-based rubber composites and the advancement of development in green rubber products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:14:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b054e6c5493f4c5eaa579efa00e8fc2e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-8016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:14:57Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-b054e6c5493f4c5eaa579efa00e8fc2e2022-12-22T01:25:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Materials2296-80162020-01-01610.3389/fmats.2019.00329484930Lignin as Alternative Reinforcing Filler in the Rubber Industry: A ReviewNor Anizah Mohamad Aini0Nadras Othman1M. Hazwan Hussin2Kannika Sahakaro3Nabil Hayeemasae4School of Material and Mineral Resources Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, MalaysiaSchool of Material and Mineral Resources Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, MalaysiaSchool of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden Heights, MalaysiaDepartment of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, ThailandDepartment of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, ThailandLignin has potential as a reinforcing filler and to become an alternative to carbon black in the rubber industry. This is because it is formed from cheaper materials with abundant annually renewable sources and has low weight, high biological efficiency, and wide ecological adaptability. The utilization of bio-filler in the rubber industry has garnered increasing attention from researchers due to increasing environmental concerns over the toxic effects of carbon black on health and the environment. This article is intended to summarize current efforts in the development of a green and sustainable rubber product. Instead of focusing on silica and alternative rubber matrix-like guayule and Russian dandelion, it looks at lignin, which also has potential as a reinforcing filler and can enable the development of competitive green rubber composites. Lignin has several special characteristics such as good mechanical, physico-chemical, biodegradability, and antioxidant properties and excellent thermal stability. However, the incorporation of lignin in a rubber matrix is not straightforward, and this needs to be overcome with certain suitable solutions because of the polarity of lignin molecules, which contributes to strong self-interactions. Consequently, chemical modification of lignin is often used to improve the dispersion of lignin in elastomers, or a compatibilizer is added to enhance interfacial adhesion between lignin and the rubber matrix. This review attempts to compile relevant knowledge about the performance of lignin-filled rubber composite using different approaches such as mixing method, surface modification, hybrid fillers, etc. This study is expected to gain significant interest from researchers globally on the subject of lignin-based rubber composites and the advancement of development in green rubber products.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmats.2019.00329/fullligninalternative carbon blackchemical modificationmixing techniquerubber-lignin properties |
| spellingShingle | Nor Anizah Mohamad Aini Nadras Othman M. Hazwan Hussin Kannika Sahakaro Nabil Hayeemasae Lignin as Alternative Reinforcing Filler in the Rubber Industry: A Review Frontiers in Materials lignin alternative carbon black chemical modification mixing technique rubber-lignin properties |
| title | Lignin as Alternative Reinforcing Filler in the Rubber Industry: A Review |
| title_full | Lignin as Alternative Reinforcing Filler in the Rubber Industry: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Lignin as Alternative Reinforcing Filler in the Rubber Industry: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lignin as Alternative Reinforcing Filler in the Rubber Industry: A Review |
| title_short | Lignin as Alternative Reinforcing Filler in the Rubber Industry: A Review |
| title_sort | lignin as alternative reinforcing filler in the rubber industry a review |
| topic | lignin alternative carbon black chemical modification mixing technique rubber-lignin properties |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmats.2019.00329/full |
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