Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>
To quantify the total, direct and indirect impacts of fireworks individually, size-resolved PM samples were collected before, during and after a Chinese folk festival (Chinese New Year) in a megacity in China. Through chemical analysis and morphological characterisation, a strong influence of firewo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2014-09-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/9469/2014/acp-14-9469-2014.pdf |
| Summary: | To quantify the total, direct and indirect impacts of fireworks
individually, size-resolved PM samples were collected before, during and
after a Chinese folk festival (Chinese New Year) in a megacity in
China. Through chemical analysis and morphological characterisation, a
strong influence of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of
PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> was observed. The concentrations of many species
exhibited an increasing trend during the heavy-firework period, especially
for K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Cr; the results of the non-sea-salt ions
demonstrated an anthropogenic influence on K<sup>+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup>. Then,
source apportionment was conducted by receptor models and peak analysis (PA). The
total influence of the fireworks was quantified by positive matrix factorisation (PMF), showing that the
fireworks contributed higher fractions (23.40% for PM<sub>10</sub> and
29.66% for PM<sub>2.5</sub>) during the heavy-firework period than during the
light-firework period (4.28% for PM<sub>10</sub> and 7.18% for PM<sub>2.5</sub>).
The profiles of the total fireworks obtained by two independent methods (PMF
and peak analysis) were consistent, with higher abundances of K<sup>+</sup>, Al,
Si, Ca and organic carbon (OC). Finally, the individual contributions of the direct and
indirect impacts of fireworks were quantified by chemical mass balance (CMB). The percentage
contributions of resuspended dust, biomass combustion and direct fireworks
were 36.8 ± 8.37%, 14.1 ± 2.82% and 44.4 ± 8.26%,
respectively, for PM<sub>10</sub> and 34.9 ± 4.19%, 16.6 ± 3.05%
and 52.5 ± 9.69%, respectively, for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, in terms of the
total fireworks. The quantification of the total, direct and indirect
impacts of fireworks in the ambient PM gives a original contribution
for understanding the physicochemical characteristics and mechanisms of such
high-intensity anthropogenic activities. |
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| ISSN: | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |