COPPER DISSOLUTION IN PERSULPHATE ENVIRONMENTS AT CATHODIC POTENTIALS
The paper studies the dissolution of a copper electrode at cathodic potentials in a solution containing persulphate ions as an oxidant of S O 2 8 2- . The investigation of the nature of interference of partial electrode processes which was carried out earlier for a number of metals in solutions wit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Voronezh State University
2017-12-01
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| Series: | Конденсированные среды и межфазные границы |
| Subjects: |
| _version_ | 1811263968520437760 |
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| author | Kondrashin Vladimir Yu. Shafrova Marina F. |
| author_facet | Kondrashin Vladimir Yu. Shafrova Marina F. |
| author_sort | Kondrashin Vladimir Yu. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The paper studies the dissolution of a copper electrode at cathodic potentials in a solution containing persulphate ions as an oxidant of S O 2 8 2- . The investigation of the nature of interference
of partial electrode processes which was carried out earlier for a number of metals in solutions with oxygen-containing oxidants (O2, H2O2, NO2 - , Cr O 2 7 2- , etc.) shows that the crucial role in this phenomenon is played by highly active intermediates of different nature, the hydroxyl ions OH–, in particular. They are generated in the reaction zone (at the metal/solution interphase) during the reduction of the oxidant. As a result, the activation energy of the process of the metal ionization decreases. Moreover, under particular conditions it is accompanied by the transfer of the free electrochemical energy from the cathodic process to the process of the metal oxidation. As a
consequence, this transfer demonstrates an apparent violation of the laws of electrochemical thermodynamics since the metal gains an ability to oxidise in the immune area of electrode potentials.
The specific feature of persulphate ions is that their reduction is accompanied with the formation of sulphate ions instead of hydroxyl ions. The study was carried out with a stationary copper electrode in deoxygenated solutions of i) 0.2 M Na2SO4 + 0.01 M (NH4)2S2O8 + 0,001 M H2SO4 and ii) 0.2 M
Na2SO4 + 0,001 M H2SO4 for comparison. Both solutions were stirred at a constant rate. The chosen potential range was between 0.20 and 0.30 V where the cathodic potentials range was between 0.00 and 0.30 V. The concentration of Cu2+ ions which were formed in the work space of the cell after 30 minutes of cathodic polarization served as a measure of metal dissolution. It was revealed that for this time interval, a Cu2+ concentration of 0.5–0.6 μM was achieved in the solution with the (NH4)2S2O8
oxidant. However, in the solution without the oxidant the concentration of Cu2+ was up to 0.1 μM under the same polarization conditions. In accordance with these concentrations the average rates of copper dissolution were 1.2–1.5 and ~ 0.1 μA/cm2. Therefore, in the cathodic range of potentials the
metal ionization is conjugated with the reduction of persulphate ions. The effectiveness of conjugation is low. Between 55 and 250 ions of S O 2 8 2- are required to form one Cu2+ ion. The interpretation of the phenomenon is based on the idea of a stage reduction of persulphate with the formation of highly active radical as one of intermediates of (SO )*4 i- The latter provides the energy transfer from the cathodic reaction to the process of copper atom ionization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:54:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0574d17f7c443c1a2118da6757d24a8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1606-867X 1606-867X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:54:36Z |
| publishDate | 2017-12-01 |
| publisher | Voronezh State University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Конденсированные среды и межфазные границы |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0574d17f7c443c1a2118da6757d24a82022-12-22T03:18:42ZengVoronezh State UniversityКонденсированные среды и межфазные границы1606-867X1606-867X2017-12-0119451752210.17308/kcmf.2017.19/230COPPER DISSOLUTION IN PERSULPHATE ENVIRONMENTS AT CATHODIC POTENTIALSKondrashin Vladimir Yu.0Shafrova Marina F.1Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor of the Physical Chemistry Department, Voronezh State Universitystudent of the Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, VoronezhStateUniversityThe paper studies the dissolution of a copper electrode at cathodic potentials in a solution containing persulphate ions as an oxidant of S O 2 8 2- . The investigation of the nature of interference of partial electrode processes which was carried out earlier for a number of metals in solutions with oxygen-containing oxidants (O2, H2O2, NO2 - , Cr O 2 7 2- , etc.) shows that the crucial role in this phenomenon is played by highly active intermediates of different nature, the hydroxyl ions OH–, in particular. They are generated in the reaction zone (at the metal/solution interphase) during the reduction of the oxidant. As a result, the activation energy of the process of the metal ionization decreases. Moreover, under particular conditions it is accompanied by the transfer of the free electrochemical energy from the cathodic process to the process of the metal oxidation. As a consequence, this transfer demonstrates an apparent violation of the laws of electrochemical thermodynamics since the metal gains an ability to oxidise in the immune area of electrode potentials. The specific feature of persulphate ions is that their reduction is accompanied with the formation of sulphate ions instead of hydroxyl ions. The study was carried out with a stationary copper electrode in deoxygenated solutions of i) 0.2 M Na2SO4 + 0.01 M (NH4)2S2O8 + 0,001 M H2SO4 and ii) 0.2 M Na2SO4 + 0,001 M H2SO4 for comparison. Both solutions were stirred at a constant rate. The chosen potential range was between 0.20 and 0.30 V where the cathodic potentials range was between 0.00 and 0.30 V. The concentration of Cu2+ ions which were formed in the work space of the cell after 30 minutes of cathodic polarization served as a measure of metal dissolution. It was revealed that for this time interval, a Cu2+ concentration of 0.5–0.6 μM was achieved in the solution with the (NH4)2S2O8 oxidant. However, in the solution without the oxidant the concentration of Cu2+ was up to 0.1 μM under the same polarization conditions. In accordance with these concentrations the average rates of copper dissolution were 1.2–1.5 and ~ 0.1 μA/cm2. Therefore, in the cathodic range of potentials the metal ionization is conjugated with the reduction of persulphate ions. The effectiveness of conjugation is low. Between 55 and 250 ions of S O 2 8 2- are required to form one Cu2+ ion. The interpretation of the phenomenon is based on the idea of a stage reduction of persulphate with the formation of highly active radical as one of intermediates of (SO )*4 i- The latter provides the energy transfer from the cathodic reaction to the process of copper atom ionization.cathodic potentialcopper dissolutionpersulphate solutioninterference of partial processes. |
| spellingShingle | Kondrashin Vladimir Yu. Shafrova Marina F. COPPER DISSOLUTION IN PERSULPHATE ENVIRONMENTS AT CATHODIC POTENTIALS Конденсированные среды и межфазные границы cathodic potential copper dissolution persulphate solution interference of partial processes. |
| title | COPPER DISSOLUTION IN PERSULPHATE ENVIRONMENTS AT CATHODIC POTENTIALS |
| title_full | COPPER DISSOLUTION IN PERSULPHATE ENVIRONMENTS AT CATHODIC POTENTIALS |
| title_fullStr | COPPER DISSOLUTION IN PERSULPHATE ENVIRONMENTS AT CATHODIC POTENTIALS |
| title_full_unstemmed | COPPER DISSOLUTION IN PERSULPHATE ENVIRONMENTS AT CATHODIC POTENTIALS |
| title_short | COPPER DISSOLUTION IN PERSULPHATE ENVIRONMENTS AT CATHODIC POTENTIALS |
| title_sort | copper dissolution in persulphate environments at cathodic potentials |
| topic | cathodic potential copper dissolution persulphate solution interference of partial processes. |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kondrashinvladimiryu copperdissolutioninpersulphateenvironmentsatcathodicpotentials AT shafrovamarinaf copperdissolutioninpersulphateenvironmentsatcathodicpotentials |