JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. I. Fully Vertically Mixed 10 μm Grains in the Outer Regions of a 1000 au Disk
Scattered light imaging of protoplanetary disks provides key insights on the geometry and dust properties in the disk surface. Here, we present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) 2–21 μ m images of a 1000 au radius edge-on protoplanetary disk surrounding an 0.4 M _⊙ young star in Taurus, Two Micron A...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astronomical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acf9a7 |
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| author | Gaspard Duchêne François Ménard Karl R. Stapelfeldt Marion Villenave Schuyler G. Wolff Marshall D. Perrin Christophe Pinte Ryo Tazaki Deborah L. Padgett |
| author_facet | Gaspard Duchêne François Ménard Karl R. Stapelfeldt Marion Villenave Schuyler G. Wolff Marshall D. Perrin Christophe Pinte Ryo Tazaki Deborah L. Padgett |
| author_sort | Gaspard Duchêne |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Scattered light imaging of protoplanetary disks provides key insights on the geometry and dust properties in the disk surface. Here, we present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) 2–21 μ m images of a 1000 au radius edge-on protoplanetary disk surrounding an 0.4 M _⊙ young star in Taurus, Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) J04202144 + 2813491. These observations represent the longest wavelengths at which a protoplanetary disk is spatially resolved in scattered light. We combine these observations with Hubble Space Telescope optical images and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array continuum and CO mapping. We find that the changes in the scattered light disk morphology are remarkably small across a factor of 30 in wavelength, indicating that dust in the disk surface layers is characterized by an almost gray opacity law. Using radiative transfer models, we conclude that grains up to ≳10 μ m in size are fully coupled to the gas in this system, whereas grains ≳100 μ m are strongly settled toward the midplane. Further analyses of these observations, and similar ones of other edge-on disks, will provide strong empirical constraints on disk dynamics and evolution and grain growth models. In addition, the 7.7 and 12. μ m JWST images reveal an X-shaped feature located above the warm molecular layer traced by CO line emission. The highest elevations at which this feature is detectable roughly match the maximal extent of the disk in visible wavelength scattered light as well as of an unusual kinematic signature in CO. We propose that these phenomena could be related to a disk wind entraining small dust grains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:35:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0690320bdc440c29a7b86302a707c7f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-3881 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:35:36Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astronomical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0690320bdc440c29a7b86302a707c7f2024-01-25T12:58:32ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812024-01-0116727710.3847/1538-3881/acf9a7JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. I. Fully Vertically Mixed 10 μm Grains in the Outer Regions of a 1000 au DiskGaspard Duchêne0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5092-6464François Ménard1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1637-7393Karl R. Stapelfeldt2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2805-7338Marion Villenave3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8962-448XSchuyler G. Wolff4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9977-8255Marshall D. Perrin5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3191-8151Christophe Pinte6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5907-5179Ryo Tazaki7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-6836Deborah L. Padgett8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5334-5107Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley CA, 94720, USA ; greg.schwarz@aas.org, gduchene@berkeley.edu; Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceUniv. Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USADepartment of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218, USAUniv. Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France; School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , Clayton, Vic 3800, AustraliaUniv. Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USAScattered light imaging of protoplanetary disks provides key insights on the geometry and dust properties in the disk surface. Here, we present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) 2–21 μ m images of a 1000 au radius edge-on protoplanetary disk surrounding an 0.4 M _⊙ young star in Taurus, Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) J04202144 + 2813491. These observations represent the longest wavelengths at which a protoplanetary disk is spatially resolved in scattered light. We combine these observations with Hubble Space Telescope optical images and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array continuum and CO mapping. We find that the changes in the scattered light disk morphology are remarkably small across a factor of 30 in wavelength, indicating that dust in the disk surface layers is characterized by an almost gray opacity law. Using radiative transfer models, we conclude that grains up to ≳10 μ m in size are fully coupled to the gas in this system, whereas grains ≳100 μ m are strongly settled toward the midplane. Further analyses of these observations, and similar ones of other edge-on disks, will provide strong empirical constraints on disk dynamics and evolution and grain growth models. In addition, the 7.7 and 12. μ m JWST images reveal an X-shaped feature located above the warm molecular layer traced by CO line emission. The highest elevations at which this feature is detectable roughly match the maximal extent of the disk in visible wavelength scattered light as well as of an unusual kinematic signature in CO. We propose that these phenomena could be related to a disk wind entraining small dust grains.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acf9a7Protoplanetary disksPlanet formationCircumstellar matter |
| spellingShingle | Gaspard Duchêne François Ménard Karl R. Stapelfeldt Marion Villenave Schuyler G. Wolff Marshall D. Perrin Christophe Pinte Ryo Tazaki Deborah L. Padgett JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. I. Fully Vertically Mixed 10 μm Grains in the Outer Regions of a 1000 au Disk The Astronomical Journal Protoplanetary disks Planet formation Circumstellar matter |
| title | JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. I. Fully Vertically Mixed 10 μm Grains in the Outer Regions of a 1000 au Disk |
| title_full | JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. I. Fully Vertically Mixed 10 μm Grains in the Outer Regions of a 1000 au Disk |
| title_fullStr | JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. I. Fully Vertically Mixed 10 μm Grains in the Outer Regions of a 1000 au Disk |
| title_full_unstemmed | JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. I. Fully Vertically Mixed 10 μm Grains in the Outer Regions of a 1000 au Disk |
| title_short | JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. I. Fully Vertically Mixed 10 μm Grains in the Outer Regions of a 1000 au Disk |
| title_sort | jwst imaging of edge on protoplanetary disks i fully vertically mixed 10 μm grains in the outer regions of a 1000 au disk |
| topic | Protoplanetary disks Planet formation Circumstellar matter |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acf9a7 |
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