Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae in Bulgaria: insight into transmission and phylogeography gained through whole-genome sequencing
Abstract Background This study aimed to characterize recent Mycobacterium bovis/M. caprae isolates from Bulgaria by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to gain a first insight into their molecular diversity, transmission, and position within the global phylogeography of this important zoonotic species. Re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03249-w |
| _version_ | 1828347234037530624 |
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| author | Violeta Valcheva Claudia Perea Tanya Savova-Lalkovska Albena Dimitrova Lukasz Radulski Igor Mokrousov Krustyu Marinov Hristo Najdenski Magdalena Bonovska |
| author_facet | Violeta Valcheva Claudia Perea Tanya Savova-Lalkovska Albena Dimitrova Lukasz Radulski Igor Mokrousov Krustyu Marinov Hristo Najdenski Magdalena Bonovska |
| author_sort | Violeta Valcheva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background This study aimed to characterize recent Mycobacterium bovis/M. caprae isolates from Bulgaria by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to gain a first insight into their molecular diversity, transmission, and position within the global phylogeography of this important zoonotic species. Results The isolates were obtained from cattle in diverse locations of Bulgaria in 2015-2020 and were identified by microbiological and PCR assays. WGS data were used for phylogenetic analysis that also included M. bovis global dataset. Thirty-seven M. bovis/caprae isolates from Bulgaria were studied and 34 of them were SNP genotyped. The isolates were subdivided into 3 major phylogenetic groups. Type Mbovis-13 (Eu2 complex [western Europe and northern Africa]) included one isolate. Mbovis-37 type included 5 isolates outside of known clonal complexes. The Bulgarian M. caprae isolates formed a sub-group within the Mcaprae-27B cluster which also included 22 M. caprae isolates from Poland, Spain, Germany, and the Republic of Congo. The Bulgarian M. caprae isolates share their latest common ancestors with Spanish isolates. The Mbovis-37 group shares a distant common ancestor (pairwise distance 22-29 SNPs) with an isolate from Poland but was very distant (> 200 SNPs) from the rest of the tree. The Mbovis-13 group shares a common ancestor with two human isolates from Germany. Phylogeographically, both M. bovis clades had limited circulation in northeastern Bulgaria while the majority of the studied isolates (M. caprae) were from central and western provinces. A phylogenetic network-based analysis demonstrated that 11 Bulgarian isolates were separated by 1 to 6 SNPs within four clusters, mostly forming pairs of isolates. Conclusion The obtained WGS analysis positioned the Bulgarian isolates within the global phylogeography of M. bovis/M. caprae. Hypothetically, the observed phylogenetic diversity may not have resulted from livestock trade routes, but instead may reflect the deeply rooted M. bovis/M. caprae phylogeography of Europe. A high level of genetic divergence between the majority of the studied isolates suggests limited active transmission of bTB in Bulgaria during the survey period. At the same time, a possibility of the endemic presence of circulating bTB strains in the form of the latent persistent disease cannot be ruled out. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:37:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b06c7767eef84c1fbf4c91d84d8caa0d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:37:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-b06c7767eef84c1fbf4c91d84d8caa0d2022-12-22T02:22:19ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482022-04-0118111210.1186/s12917-022-03249-wMycobacterium bovis and M. caprae in Bulgaria: insight into transmission and phylogeography gained through whole-genome sequencingVioleta Valcheva0Claudia Perea1Tanya Savova-Lalkovska2Albena Dimitrova3Lukasz Radulski4Igor Mokrousov5Krustyu Marinov6Hristo Najdenski7Magdalena Bonovska8Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesNational Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of AgricultureNational Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute “Prof. Dr. G. Pavlov”National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute “Prof. Dr. G. Pavlov”National Veterinary Research InstituteLaboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics, St. Petersburg Pasteur InstituteMilitary Medical AcademyDepartment of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesDepartment of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesAbstract Background This study aimed to characterize recent Mycobacterium bovis/M. caprae isolates from Bulgaria by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to gain a first insight into their molecular diversity, transmission, and position within the global phylogeography of this important zoonotic species. Results The isolates were obtained from cattle in diverse locations of Bulgaria in 2015-2020 and were identified by microbiological and PCR assays. WGS data were used for phylogenetic analysis that also included M. bovis global dataset. Thirty-seven M. bovis/caprae isolates from Bulgaria were studied and 34 of them were SNP genotyped. The isolates were subdivided into 3 major phylogenetic groups. Type Mbovis-13 (Eu2 complex [western Europe and northern Africa]) included one isolate. Mbovis-37 type included 5 isolates outside of known clonal complexes. The Bulgarian M. caprae isolates formed a sub-group within the Mcaprae-27B cluster which also included 22 M. caprae isolates from Poland, Spain, Germany, and the Republic of Congo. The Bulgarian M. caprae isolates share their latest common ancestors with Spanish isolates. The Mbovis-37 group shares a distant common ancestor (pairwise distance 22-29 SNPs) with an isolate from Poland but was very distant (> 200 SNPs) from the rest of the tree. The Mbovis-13 group shares a common ancestor with two human isolates from Germany. Phylogeographically, both M. bovis clades had limited circulation in northeastern Bulgaria while the majority of the studied isolates (M. caprae) were from central and western provinces. A phylogenetic network-based analysis demonstrated that 11 Bulgarian isolates were separated by 1 to 6 SNPs within four clusters, mostly forming pairs of isolates. Conclusion The obtained WGS analysis positioned the Bulgarian isolates within the global phylogeography of M. bovis/M. caprae. Hypothetically, the observed phylogenetic diversity may not have resulted from livestock trade routes, but instead may reflect the deeply rooted M. bovis/M. caprae phylogeography of Europe. A high level of genetic divergence between the majority of the studied isolates suggests limited active transmission of bTB in Bulgaria during the survey period. At the same time, a possibility of the endemic presence of circulating bTB strains in the form of the latent persistent disease cannot be ruled out.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03249-wWhole-genome sequencingMycobacterium bovisMycobacterium capraeCattleTransmissionPhylogeography |
| spellingShingle | Violeta Valcheva Claudia Perea Tanya Savova-Lalkovska Albena Dimitrova Lukasz Radulski Igor Mokrousov Krustyu Marinov Hristo Najdenski Magdalena Bonovska Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae in Bulgaria: insight into transmission and phylogeography gained through whole-genome sequencing BMC Veterinary Research Whole-genome sequencing Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium caprae Cattle Transmission Phylogeography |
| title | Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae in Bulgaria: insight into transmission and phylogeography gained through whole-genome sequencing |
| title_full | Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae in Bulgaria: insight into transmission and phylogeography gained through whole-genome sequencing |
| title_fullStr | Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae in Bulgaria: insight into transmission and phylogeography gained through whole-genome sequencing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae in Bulgaria: insight into transmission and phylogeography gained through whole-genome sequencing |
| title_short | Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae in Bulgaria: insight into transmission and phylogeography gained through whole-genome sequencing |
| title_sort | mycobacterium bovis and m caprae in bulgaria insight into transmission and phylogeography gained through whole genome sequencing |
| topic | Whole-genome sequencing Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium caprae Cattle Transmission Phylogeography |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03249-w |
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