The evolution of the various structures required for hearing in Latimeria and tetrapods
Sarcopterygians evolved around 415 Ma and have developed a unique set of features, including the basilar papilla and the cochlear aqueduct of the inner ear. We provide an overview that shows the morphological integration of the various parts needed for hearing, e.g., basilar papilla, tectorial membr...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | IBRO Neuroscience Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123000246 |
| _version_ | 1797804549821431808 |
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| author | Bernd Fritzsch Hans-Peter Schultze Karen L. Elliott |
| author_facet | Bernd Fritzsch Hans-Peter Schultze Karen L. Elliott |
| author_sort | Bernd Fritzsch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sarcopterygians evolved around 415 Ma and have developed a unique set of features, including the basilar papilla and the cochlear aqueduct of the inner ear. We provide an overview that shows the morphological integration of the various parts needed for hearing, e.g., basilar papilla, tectorial membrane, cochlear aqueduct, lungs, and tympanic membranes. The lagena of the inner ear evolved from a common macula of the saccule several times. It is near this lagena where the basilar papilla forms in Latimeria and tetrapods. The basilar papilla is lost in lungfish, certain caecilians and salamanders, but is transformed into the cochlea of mammals. Hearing in bony fish and tetrapods involves particle motion to improve sound pressure reception within the ear but also works without air. Lungs evolved after the chondrichthyans diverged and are present in sarcopterygians and actinopterygians. Lungs open to the outside in tetraposomorph sarcopterygians but are transformed from a lung into a swim bladder in ray-finned fishes. Elasmobranchs, polypterids, and many fossil fishes have open spiracles. In Latimeria, most frogs, and all amniotes, a tympanic membrane covering the spiracle evolved independently. The tympanic membrane is displaced by pressure changes and enabled tetrapods to perceive airborne sound pressure waves. The hyomandibular bone is associated with the spiracle/tympanic membrane in actinopterygians and piscine sarcopterygians. In tetrapods, it transforms into the stapes that connects the oval window of the inner ear with the tympanic membrane and allows hearing at higher frequencies by providing an impedance matching and amplification mechanism. The three characters—basilar papilla, cochlear aqueduct, and tympanic membrane—are fluid related elements in sarcopterygians, which interact with a set of unique features in Latimeria. Finally, we explore the possible interaction between the unique intracranial joint, basicranial muscle, and an enlarged notochord that allows fluid flow to the foramen magnum and the cochlear aqueduct which houses a comparatively small brain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:38:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b06d9461a78849b3a6720b62cd923df6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-2421 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:38:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IBRO Neuroscience Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-b06d9461a78849b3a6720b62cd923df62023-06-14T04:34:41ZengElsevierIBRO Neuroscience Reports2667-24212023-06-0114325341The evolution of the various structures required for hearing in Latimeria and tetrapodsBernd Fritzsch0Hans-Peter Schultze1Karen L. Elliott2Department of Biology & Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, IA, USA; Correspondence to: Department of Biology & Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USADepartment of Biology & Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, IA, USASarcopterygians evolved around 415 Ma and have developed a unique set of features, including the basilar papilla and the cochlear aqueduct of the inner ear. We provide an overview that shows the morphological integration of the various parts needed for hearing, e.g., basilar papilla, tectorial membrane, cochlear aqueduct, lungs, and tympanic membranes. The lagena of the inner ear evolved from a common macula of the saccule several times. It is near this lagena where the basilar papilla forms in Latimeria and tetrapods. The basilar papilla is lost in lungfish, certain caecilians and salamanders, but is transformed into the cochlea of mammals. Hearing in bony fish and tetrapods involves particle motion to improve sound pressure reception within the ear but also works without air. Lungs evolved after the chondrichthyans diverged and are present in sarcopterygians and actinopterygians. Lungs open to the outside in tetraposomorph sarcopterygians but are transformed from a lung into a swim bladder in ray-finned fishes. Elasmobranchs, polypterids, and many fossil fishes have open spiracles. In Latimeria, most frogs, and all amniotes, a tympanic membrane covering the spiracle evolved independently. The tympanic membrane is displaced by pressure changes and enabled tetrapods to perceive airborne sound pressure waves. The hyomandibular bone is associated with the spiracle/tympanic membrane in actinopterygians and piscine sarcopterygians. In tetrapods, it transforms into the stapes that connects the oval window of the inner ear with the tympanic membrane and allows hearing at higher frequencies by providing an impedance matching and amplification mechanism. The three characters—basilar papilla, cochlear aqueduct, and tympanic membrane—are fluid related elements in sarcopterygians, which interact with a set of unique features in Latimeria. Finally, we explore the possible interaction between the unique intracranial joint, basicranial muscle, and an enlarged notochord that allows fluid flow to the foramen magnum and the cochlear aqueduct which houses a comparatively small brain.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123000246Basilar papillaTympanic membraneSpiracular ductStapes |
| spellingShingle | Bernd Fritzsch Hans-Peter Schultze Karen L. Elliott The evolution of the various structures required for hearing in Latimeria and tetrapods IBRO Neuroscience Reports Basilar papilla Tympanic membrane Spiracular duct Stapes |
| title | The evolution of the various structures required for hearing in Latimeria and tetrapods |
| title_full | The evolution of the various structures required for hearing in Latimeria and tetrapods |
| title_fullStr | The evolution of the various structures required for hearing in Latimeria and tetrapods |
| title_full_unstemmed | The evolution of the various structures required for hearing in Latimeria and tetrapods |
| title_short | The evolution of the various structures required for hearing in Latimeria and tetrapods |
| title_sort | evolution of the various structures required for hearing in latimeria and tetrapods |
| topic | Basilar papilla Tympanic membrane Spiracular duct Stapes |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123000246 |
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