Annonacin and Squamocin Conjugation with Nanodiamond Alters Metastatic Marker Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Line
Breast cancer can perform metastasis to distant organs and cause more than 90% of malignancy-related deaths. The anti-metastasis potency of nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin against MCF-7 cells is currently studied. First, IC50 determination of both free annonacin and squamocin to eval...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Bogor Agricultural University
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Hayati Journal of Biosciences |
| Online Access: | https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/hayati/article/view/46006 |
| _version_ | 1797393083311063040 |
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| author | Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih Adelah Putri Milenia Sari Umi Nur Alfiah Vuanghao Lim Ummi Zubaidah Alfiah Hayati |
| author_facet | Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih Adelah Putri Milenia Sari Umi Nur Alfiah Vuanghao Lim Ummi Zubaidah Alfiah Hayati |
| author_sort | Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Breast cancer can perform metastasis to distant organs and cause more than 90% of malignancy-related deaths. The anti-metastasis potency of nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin against MCF-7 cells is currently studied. First, IC50 determination of both free annonacin and squamocin to evaluate their potency as cytotoxic agents. Upon getting the IC50 value, both compounds are conjugated into nanodiamonds. Drug loading efficiencies of nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin are 88.9% and 89.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the ND-annonacin and ND-squamocin complex size is 150-300 nm based on SEM imaging. Subsequently, cell viability assessment of MCF-7 was performed with six cohort designs, namely, K (control cell), AN (annonacin), SQ (squamocin), NDAN (nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin), and NDSQ (nanodiamond-conjugated squamocin). Both IC50 and cell viability are assessed by MTT assay after 24 h incubation. All cohorts also underwent gene expression analysis subject to the metastasis markers CTNND1 (catenin delta 1), NOTCH4, and C-JUN. Here, the IC50 of both free annonacin (4.52 µg/ml) and squamocin (10.03 µg/ml) are more than IC50 of potent anticancer (< 4 µg/ml) for pure compounds. However, nanodiamond conjugation to both compounds can decrease cell viability better than free compounds. Compared to K, nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin significantly decreases cell viability after 24 h incubation. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed significant pro-metastasis (C-JUN and NOTCH4) upregulation and anti-metastasis (CTNND1) downregulation in tumors compared to normal. Recent findings demonstrated that nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin can significantly upregulate CTNND1 and significantly downregulate C-JUN and NOTCH4. Even so, nanodiamond-conjugated squamocin upregulate CTNND1 but not significantly and significantly downregulate C-JUN and NOTCH4.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:57:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b07317ec2b9849d89886932d52be0a8d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1978-3019 2086-4094 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:57:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Bogor Agricultural University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Hayati Journal of Biosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b07317ec2b9849d89886932d52be0a8d2023-12-13T02:06:21ZengBogor Agricultural UniversityHayati Journal of Biosciences1978-30192086-40942023-11-0131210.4308/hjb.31.2.211-220Annonacin and Squamocin Conjugation with Nanodiamond Alters Metastatic Marker Expression in Breast Cancer Cell LineFirli Rahmah Primula Dewi0Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih1Adelah Putri Milenia Sari2Umi Nur Alfiah3Vuanghao Lim4Ummi Zubaidah5Alfiah Hayati6Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaAdvanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, MalaysiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia Breast cancer can perform metastasis to distant organs and cause more than 90% of malignancy-related deaths. The anti-metastasis potency of nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin against MCF-7 cells is currently studied. First, IC50 determination of both free annonacin and squamocin to evaluate their potency as cytotoxic agents. Upon getting the IC50 value, both compounds are conjugated into nanodiamonds. Drug loading efficiencies of nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin are 88.9% and 89.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the ND-annonacin and ND-squamocin complex size is 150-300 nm based on SEM imaging. Subsequently, cell viability assessment of MCF-7 was performed with six cohort designs, namely, K (control cell), AN (annonacin), SQ (squamocin), NDAN (nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin), and NDSQ (nanodiamond-conjugated squamocin). Both IC50 and cell viability are assessed by MTT assay after 24 h incubation. All cohorts also underwent gene expression analysis subject to the metastasis markers CTNND1 (catenin delta 1), NOTCH4, and C-JUN. Here, the IC50 of both free annonacin (4.52 µg/ml) and squamocin (10.03 µg/ml) are more than IC50 of potent anticancer (< 4 µg/ml) for pure compounds. However, nanodiamond conjugation to both compounds can decrease cell viability better than free compounds. Compared to K, nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin significantly decreases cell viability after 24 h incubation. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed significant pro-metastasis (C-JUN and NOTCH4) upregulation and anti-metastasis (CTNND1) downregulation in tumors compared to normal. Recent findings demonstrated that nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin can significantly upregulate CTNND1 and significantly downregulate C-JUN and NOTCH4. Even so, nanodiamond-conjugated squamocin upregulate CTNND1 but not significantly and significantly downregulate C-JUN and NOTCH4. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/hayati/article/view/46006 |
| spellingShingle | Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih Adelah Putri Milenia Sari Umi Nur Alfiah Vuanghao Lim Ummi Zubaidah Alfiah Hayati Annonacin and Squamocin Conjugation with Nanodiamond Alters Metastatic Marker Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Line Hayati Journal of Biosciences |
| title | Annonacin and Squamocin Conjugation with Nanodiamond Alters Metastatic Marker Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Line |
| title_full | Annonacin and Squamocin Conjugation with Nanodiamond Alters Metastatic Marker Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Line |
| title_fullStr | Annonacin and Squamocin Conjugation with Nanodiamond Alters Metastatic Marker Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Line |
| title_full_unstemmed | Annonacin and Squamocin Conjugation with Nanodiamond Alters Metastatic Marker Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Line |
| title_short | Annonacin and Squamocin Conjugation with Nanodiamond Alters Metastatic Marker Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Line |
| title_sort | annonacin and squamocin conjugation with nanodiamond alters metastatic marker expression in breast cancer cell line |
| url | https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/hayati/article/view/46006 |
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