Immunoinformatic-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design for Co-Infection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and SARS-CoV-2
(1) Background: Many co-infections of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged since the occurrence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This study aims to design an effective preventive multi-epitope vaccine against the...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/1/116 |
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| author | Cong Peng Fengjie Tang Jie Wang Peng Cheng Liang Wang Wenping Gong |
| author_facet | Cong Peng Fengjie Tang Jie Wang Peng Cheng Liang Wang Wenping Gong |
| author_sort | Cong Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: Many co-infections of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged since the occurrence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This study aims to design an effective preventive multi-epitope vaccine against the co-infection of MTB and SARS-CoV-2. (2) Methods: The three selected proteins (spike protein, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and low molecular weight T-cell antigen TB8.4) were predicted using bioinformatics, and 16 epitopes with the highest ranks (10 helper T lymphocyte epitopes, 2 CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes epitopes, and 4 B-cell epitopes) were selected and assembled into the candidate vaccine referred to as S7D5L4. The toxicity, sensitization, stability, solubility, antigenicity, and immunogenicity of the S7D5L4 vaccine were evaluated using bioinformatics tools. Subsequently, toll-like receptor 4 docking simulation and discontinuous B-cell epitope prediction were performed. Immune simulation and codon optimization were carried out using immunoinformatics and molecular biology tools. (3) Results: The S7D5L4 vaccine showed good physical properties, such as solubility, stability, non-sensitization, and non-toxicity. This vaccine had excellent antigenicity and immunogenicity and could successfully simulate immune responses in silico. Furthermore, the normal mode analysis of the S7D5L4 vaccine and toll-like receptor 4 docking simulation demonstrated that the vaccine had docking potential and a stable reaction. (4) Conclusions: The S7D5L4 vaccine designed to fight against the co-infection of MTB and SARS-CoV-2 may be safe and effective. The protective efficacy of this promising vaccine should be further verified using in vitro and in vivo experiments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:01:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b074767712bd4626bc6a193c91e95e43 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:01:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-b074767712bd4626bc6a193c91e95e432023-11-30T23:02:21ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262023-01-0113111610.3390/jpm13010116Immunoinformatic-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design for Co-Infection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and SARS-CoV-2Cong Peng0Fengjie Tang1Jie Wang2Peng Cheng3Liang Wang4Wenping Gong5Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17<sup>#</sup> Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400010, ChinaTuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17<sup>#</sup> Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, ChinaTuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17<sup>#</sup> Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, ChinaDepartment of Geriatrics, Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17<sup>#</sup> Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, ChinaTuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17<sup>#</sup> Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China(1) Background: Many co-infections of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged since the occurrence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This study aims to design an effective preventive multi-epitope vaccine against the co-infection of MTB and SARS-CoV-2. (2) Methods: The three selected proteins (spike protein, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and low molecular weight T-cell antigen TB8.4) were predicted using bioinformatics, and 16 epitopes with the highest ranks (10 helper T lymphocyte epitopes, 2 CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes epitopes, and 4 B-cell epitopes) were selected and assembled into the candidate vaccine referred to as S7D5L4. The toxicity, sensitization, stability, solubility, antigenicity, and immunogenicity of the S7D5L4 vaccine were evaluated using bioinformatics tools. Subsequently, toll-like receptor 4 docking simulation and discontinuous B-cell epitope prediction were performed. Immune simulation and codon optimization were carried out using immunoinformatics and molecular biology tools. (3) Results: The S7D5L4 vaccine showed good physical properties, such as solubility, stability, non-sensitization, and non-toxicity. This vaccine had excellent antigenicity and immunogenicity and could successfully simulate immune responses in silico. Furthermore, the normal mode analysis of the S7D5L4 vaccine and toll-like receptor 4 docking simulation demonstrated that the vaccine had docking potential and a stable reaction. (4) Conclusions: The S7D5L4 vaccine designed to fight against the co-infection of MTB and SARS-CoV-2 may be safe and effective. The protective efficacy of this promising vaccine should be further verified using in vitro and in vivo experiments.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/1/116<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB)SARS-CoV-2multi-epitope vaccine (MEV)bioinformaticsimmunoinformatics |
| spellingShingle | Cong Peng Fengjie Tang Jie Wang Peng Cheng Liang Wang Wenping Gong Immunoinformatic-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design for Co-Infection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and SARS-CoV-2 Journal of Personalized Medicine <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB) SARS-CoV-2 multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) bioinformatics immunoinformatics |
| title | Immunoinformatic-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design for Co-Infection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full | Immunoinformatic-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design for Co-Infection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_fullStr | Immunoinformatic-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design for Co-Infection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunoinformatic-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design for Co-Infection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_short | Immunoinformatic-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design for Co-Infection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_sort | immunoinformatic based multi epitope vaccine design for co infection of i mycobacterium tuberculosis i and sars cov 2 |
| topic | <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB) SARS-CoV-2 multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) bioinformatics immunoinformatics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/1/116 |
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