Impacts of the National Forest Rehabilitation Plan and Human-Induced Environmental Changes on the Carbon and Nitrogen Balances of the South Korean Forests
Humans have affected the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in forests; however, the quantification of the responses of forest C and N balances to human activities is limited. In this study, we have quantified the impacts of the long-term national forest rehabilitation plan and the contribution of t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/9/1150 |
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| author | Hyung-Sub Kim Florent Noulèkoun Nam-Jin Noh Yo-Whan Son |
| author_facet | Hyung-Sub Kim Florent Noulèkoun Nam-Jin Noh Yo-Whan Son |
| author_sort | Hyung-Sub Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Humans have affected the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in forests; however, the quantification of the responses of forest C and N balances to human activities is limited. In this study, we have quantified the impacts of the long-term national forest rehabilitation plan and the contribution of the increase in air temperature, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, and N deposition on the C and N balances of the South Korean forests during 1973–2020 by using a biogeochemical model. During the simulation period, the C balance increased from 0.2 to 4.3 Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>, and the N balance increased from 0.2 to 17.4 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>. This resulted in the storage of 825 Tg C and 3.04 Tg N by the whole South Korean forests after the national forest rehabilitation plan. The increase in air temperature, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, and N deposition contributed −11.5, 17.4, and 177 Tg C to the stored C stock, respectively, and −25.4, 8.90, and 1807 Mg N to the stored N stock, respectively. This study provides references for future forest rehabilitation efforts and broadens our knowledge on the impacts of human-induced environmental changes on the C and N balances of forests. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:40:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0753de66831485cb88a64552ecfc85f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:40:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0753de66831485cb88a64552ecfc85f2023-11-22T13:06:49ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-08-01129115010.3390/f12091150Impacts of the National Forest Rehabilitation Plan and Human-Induced Environmental Changes on the Carbon and Nitrogen Balances of the South Korean ForestsHyung-Sub Kim0Florent Noulèkoun1Nam-Jin Noh2Yo-Whan Son3Institute of Life Science and Natural Resource, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaAgroforestry Systems and Ecology Laboratory, Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaDepartment of Forest Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDivision of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaHumans have affected the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in forests; however, the quantification of the responses of forest C and N balances to human activities is limited. In this study, we have quantified the impacts of the long-term national forest rehabilitation plan and the contribution of the increase in air temperature, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, and N deposition on the C and N balances of the South Korean forests during 1973–2020 by using a biogeochemical model. During the simulation period, the C balance increased from 0.2 to 4.3 Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>, and the N balance increased from 0.2 to 17.4 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>. This resulted in the storage of 825 Tg C and 3.04 Tg N by the whole South Korean forests after the national forest rehabilitation plan. The increase in air temperature, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, and N deposition contributed −11.5, 17.4, and 177 Tg C to the stored C stock, respectively, and −25.4, 8.90, and 1807 Mg N to the stored N stock, respectively. This study provides references for future forest rehabilitation efforts and broadens our knowledge on the impacts of human-induced environmental changes on the C and N balances of forests.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/9/1150modelinghuman activitiesclimate changeair temperatureCO<sub>2</sub> concentrationnitrogen deposition |
| spellingShingle | Hyung-Sub Kim Florent Noulèkoun Nam-Jin Noh Yo-Whan Son Impacts of the National Forest Rehabilitation Plan and Human-Induced Environmental Changes on the Carbon and Nitrogen Balances of the South Korean Forests Forests modeling human activities climate change air temperature CO<sub>2</sub> concentration nitrogen deposition |
| title | Impacts of the National Forest Rehabilitation Plan and Human-Induced Environmental Changes on the Carbon and Nitrogen Balances of the South Korean Forests |
| title_full | Impacts of the National Forest Rehabilitation Plan and Human-Induced Environmental Changes on the Carbon and Nitrogen Balances of the South Korean Forests |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of the National Forest Rehabilitation Plan and Human-Induced Environmental Changes on the Carbon and Nitrogen Balances of the South Korean Forests |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of the National Forest Rehabilitation Plan and Human-Induced Environmental Changes on the Carbon and Nitrogen Balances of the South Korean Forests |
| title_short | Impacts of the National Forest Rehabilitation Plan and Human-Induced Environmental Changes on the Carbon and Nitrogen Balances of the South Korean Forests |
| title_sort | impacts of the national forest rehabilitation plan and human induced environmental changes on the carbon and nitrogen balances of the south korean forests |
| topic | modeling human activities climate change air temperature CO<sub>2</sub> concentration nitrogen deposition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/9/1150 |
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