Geometry, Extent, and Chemistry of Fermentative Hot Spots in Municipal Waste Souk Sebt Landfill, Ouled Nemma, Beni Mellal, Morocco
The presence of fermentative hotspots in municipal waste dumps has been reported for several decades, but no study has focused on their size and shape. The uncontrolled landfill of Soub Sekt, covering an area of about 8 hectares in the Tadla plain in Morocco, is the source of a permanent pollution p...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/6/795 |
| _version_ | 1797239048585084928 |
|---|---|
| author | Yousra El Mouine Amal El Hamdi Abderrahim Bousouis Youssouf El Jarjini Meryem Touzani Vincent Valles Laurent Barbiero Moad Morarech |
| author_facet | Yousra El Mouine Amal El Hamdi Abderrahim Bousouis Youssouf El Jarjini Meryem Touzani Vincent Valles Laurent Barbiero Moad Morarech |
| author_sort | Yousra El Mouine |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The presence of fermentative hotspots in municipal waste dumps has been reported for several decades, but no study has focused on their size and shape. The uncontrolled landfill of Soub Sekt, covering an area of about 8 hectares in the Tadla plain in Morocco, is the source of a permanent pollution plume in the groundwater, detected by self-potential (SP) measurements. The study aims to detect and characterize these hotspots as well as the leachates that form within them. These hotspots are typically circular and smaller than 3 m in size, and they are concentrated within recent waste deposits. Intense electron transfer activities, particularly during redox reactions leading to metal solubilization, result in very low SP values (down to −60 mV), facilitating their detection. Several successive field campaigns suggest that they are active for 2–3 weeks. Due to the low permeability of the soils, highly mineralized leachates (average Electrical Conductivity 45 mS cm<sup>−1</sup>) rich in organic ions accumulate on the soil surface at the base of the waste windrows. There, they evolve by concentration due to evaporation and oxidation due to slow diffusion of atmospheric O<sub>2</sub>. Despite the small size of the hotspots generating the leachates, the accumulation of leachates in ponds and the low soil permeability limits the percolation rate, resulting in moderate but permanent groundwater pollution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:45:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0770fd88cf1428d8fca8ff9ea26b72d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:45:21Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0770fd88cf1428d8fca8ff9ea26b72d2024-03-27T14:08:09ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412024-03-0116679510.3390/w16060795Geometry, Extent, and Chemistry of Fermentative Hot Spots in Municipal Waste Souk Sebt Landfill, Ouled Nemma, Beni Mellal, MoroccoYousra El Mouine0Amal El Hamdi1Abderrahim Bousouis2Youssouf El Jarjini3Meryem Touzani4Vincent Valles5Laurent Barbiero6Moad Morarech7Laboratory Mediterranean Environment and Agro-Hydrosystem Modelling (UMR 1114 EMMAH), Hydrogeology Department, Avignon University, 84000 Avignon, FranceLaboratory Mediterranean Environment and Agro-Hydrosystem Modelling (UMR 1114 EMMAH), Hydrogeology Department, Avignon University, 84000 Avignon, FranceLaboratoire de Géosciences, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofaïl, BP 133, Kénitra 14000, MoroccoLaboratory in Applied and Marine Geosciences, Geotechnics and Georisk (LR3G), Faculty of Science Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93002, MoroccoNational Institute of Agronomic Research, Rabat 10060, MoroccoLaboratory Mediterranean Environment and Agro-Hydrosystem Modelling (UMR 1114 EMMAH), Hydrogeology Department, Avignon University, 84000 Avignon, FranceInstitut de Recherche pour le Développement, Géoscience Environnement Toulouse, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 5563, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, FranceLaboratory in Applied and Marine Geosciences, Geotechnics and Georisk (LR3G), Faculty of Science Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93002, MoroccoThe presence of fermentative hotspots in municipal waste dumps has been reported for several decades, but no study has focused on their size and shape. The uncontrolled landfill of Soub Sekt, covering an area of about 8 hectares in the Tadla plain in Morocco, is the source of a permanent pollution plume in the groundwater, detected by self-potential (SP) measurements. The study aims to detect and characterize these hotspots as well as the leachates that form within them. These hotspots are typically circular and smaller than 3 m in size, and they are concentrated within recent waste deposits. Intense electron transfer activities, particularly during redox reactions leading to metal solubilization, result in very low SP values (down to −60 mV), facilitating their detection. Several successive field campaigns suggest that they are active for 2–3 weeks. Due to the low permeability of the soils, highly mineralized leachates (average Electrical Conductivity 45 mS cm<sup>−1</sup>) rich in organic ions accumulate on the soil surface at the base of the waste windrows. There, they evolve by concentration due to evaporation and oxidation due to slow diffusion of atmospheric O<sub>2</sub>. Despite the small size of the hotspots generating the leachates, the accumulation of leachates in ponds and the low soil permeability limits the percolation rate, resulting in moderate but permanent groundwater pollution.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/6/795self-potentialredox potentialleachate plumelandfillTadlaMorocco |
| spellingShingle | Yousra El Mouine Amal El Hamdi Abderrahim Bousouis Youssouf El Jarjini Meryem Touzani Vincent Valles Laurent Barbiero Moad Morarech Geometry, Extent, and Chemistry of Fermentative Hot Spots in Municipal Waste Souk Sebt Landfill, Ouled Nemma, Beni Mellal, Morocco Water self-potential redox potential leachate plume landfill Tadla Morocco |
| title | Geometry, Extent, and Chemistry of Fermentative Hot Spots in Municipal Waste Souk Sebt Landfill, Ouled Nemma, Beni Mellal, Morocco |
| title_full | Geometry, Extent, and Chemistry of Fermentative Hot Spots in Municipal Waste Souk Sebt Landfill, Ouled Nemma, Beni Mellal, Morocco |
| title_fullStr | Geometry, Extent, and Chemistry of Fermentative Hot Spots in Municipal Waste Souk Sebt Landfill, Ouled Nemma, Beni Mellal, Morocco |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geometry, Extent, and Chemistry of Fermentative Hot Spots in Municipal Waste Souk Sebt Landfill, Ouled Nemma, Beni Mellal, Morocco |
| title_short | Geometry, Extent, and Chemistry of Fermentative Hot Spots in Municipal Waste Souk Sebt Landfill, Ouled Nemma, Beni Mellal, Morocco |
| title_sort | geometry extent and chemistry of fermentative hot spots in municipal waste souk sebt landfill ouled nemma beni mellal morocco |
| topic | self-potential redox potential leachate plume landfill Tadla Morocco |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/6/795 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yousraelmouine geometryextentandchemistryoffermentativehotspotsinmunicipalwastesouksebtlandfilloulednemmabenimellalmorocco AT amalelhamdi geometryextentandchemistryoffermentativehotspotsinmunicipalwastesouksebtlandfilloulednemmabenimellalmorocco AT abderrahimbousouis geometryextentandchemistryoffermentativehotspotsinmunicipalwastesouksebtlandfilloulednemmabenimellalmorocco AT youssoufeljarjini geometryextentandchemistryoffermentativehotspotsinmunicipalwastesouksebtlandfilloulednemmabenimellalmorocco AT meryemtouzani geometryextentandchemistryoffermentativehotspotsinmunicipalwastesouksebtlandfilloulednemmabenimellalmorocco AT vincentvalles geometryextentandchemistryoffermentativehotspotsinmunicipalwastesouksebtlandfilloulednemmabenimellalmorocco AT laurentbarbiero geometryextentandchemistryoffermentativehotspotsinmunicipalwastesouksebtlandfilloulednemmabenimellalmorocco AT moadmorarech geometryextentandchemistryoffermentativehotspotsinmunicipalwastesouksebtlandfilloulednemmabenimellalmorocco |