Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Characterization of Alternaria Species Isolated from Wheat Grown in Tuscany, Italy
Wheat, the main source of carbohydrates worldwide, can be attacked by a wide number of phytopathogenic fungi, included <i>Alternaria</i> species. <i>Alternaria</i> species commonly occur on wheat worldwide and produce several mycotoxins such as tenuazonic acid (TA), alternari...
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MDPI AG
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/11/472 |
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| author | Francesca A. Ramires Mario Masiello Stefania Somma Alessandra Villani Antonia Susca Antonio F. Logrieco Carlos Luz Giuseppe Meca Antonio Moretti |
| author_facet | Francesca A. Ramires Mario Masiello Stefania Somma Alessandra Villani Antonia Susca Antonio F. Logrieco Carlos Luz Giuseppe Meca Antonio Moretti |
| author_sort | Francesca A. Ramires |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wheat, the main source of carbohydrates worldwide, can be attacked by a wide number of phytopathogenic fungi, included <i>Alternaria</i> species. <i>Alternaria</i> species commonly occur on wheat worldwide and produce several mycotoxins such as tenuazonic acid (TA), alternariol (AOH), alternariol-monomethyl ether (AME), and altenuene (ALT), provided of haemato-toxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic activities. The contamination by <i>Alternaria</i> species of wheat kernels, collected in Tuscany, Italy, from 2013 to 2016, was evaluated. <i>Alternaria</i> contamination was detected in 93 out of 100 field samples, with values ranging between 1 and 73% (mean of 18%). Selected strains were genetically characterized by multi-locus gene sequencing approach through combined sequences of allergen alt1a, glyceraldeyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and translation elongation factor 1α genes. Two well defined groups were generated; namely sections <i>Alternaria</i> and <i>Infectoriae</i>. Representative strains were analyzed for mycotoxin production. A different mycotoxin profile between the sections was shown. Of the 54 strains analyzed for mycotoxins, all strains included in Section <i>Alternaria</i> produced AOH and AME, 40 strains (99%) produced TA, and 26 strains (63%) produced ALT. On the other hand, only a very low capability to produce both AOH and AME was recorded among the Section <i>Infectoriae</i> strains. These data show that a potential mycotoxin risk related to the consumption of <i>Alternaria</i> contaminated wheat is high. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:36:54Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:36:54Z |
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| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-b07b8df90baa43928d8f26a065f079f52022-12-22T04:01:43ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512018-11-01101147210.3390/toxins10110472toxins10110472Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Characterization of Alternaria Species Isolated from Wheat Grown in Tuscany, ItalyFrancesca A. Ramires0Mario Masiello1Stefania Somma2Alessandra Villani3Antonia Susca4Antonio F. Logrieco5Carlos Luz6Giuseppe Meca7Antonio Moretti8Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Research National Council (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production, Research National Council (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production, Research National Council (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production, Research National Council (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production, Research National Council (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production, Research National Council (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Nutrition and Food Science Area, University of Valencia (Spain), Avenida Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Nutrition and Food Science Area, University of Valencia (Spain), Avenida Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, SpainInstitute of Sciences of Food Production, Research National Council (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, ItalyWheat, the main source of carbohydrates worldwide, can be attacked by a wide number of phytopathogenic fungi, included <i>Alternaria</i> species. <i>Alternaria</i> species commonly occur on wheat worldwide and produce several mycotoxins such as tenuazonic acid (TA), alternariol (AOH), alternariol-monomethyl ether (AME), and altenuene (ALT), provided of haemato-toxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic activities. The contamination by <i>Alternaria</i> species of wheat kernels, collected in Tuscany, Italy, from 2013 to 2016, was evaluated. <i>Alternaria</i> contamination was detected in 93 out of 100 field samples, with values ranging between 1 and 73% (mean of 18%). Selected strains were genetically characterized by multi-locus gene sequencing approach through combined sequences of allergen alt1a, glyceraldeyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and translation elongation factor 1α genes. Two well defined groups were generated; namely sections <i>Alternaria</i> and <i>Infectoriae</i>. Representative strains were analyzed for mycotoxin production. A different mycotoxin profile between the sections was shown. Of the 54 strains analyzed for mycotoxins, all strains included in Section <i>Alternaria</i> produced AOH and AME, 40 strains (99%) produced TA, and 26 strains (63%) produced ALT. On the other hand, only a very low capability to produce both AOH and AME was recorded among the Section <i>Infectoriae</i> strains. These data show that a potential mycotoxin risk related to the consumption of <i>Alternaria</i> contaminated wheat is high.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/11/472tenuazonic acidalternariolalternariol-monomethyl etheraltenueneSection <i>Alternaria</i>Section <i>Infectoriae</i>allergen alt1aglyceraldeyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenasetranslation elongation factor 1α |
| spellingShingle | Francesca A. Ramires Mario Masiello Stefania Somma Alessandra Villani Antonia Susca Antonio F. Logrieco Carlos Luz Giuseppe Meca Antonio Moretti Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Characterization of Alternaria Species Isolated from Wheat Grown in Tuscany, Italy Toxins tenuazonic acid alternariol alternariol-monomethyl ether altenuene Section <i>Alternaria</i> Section <i>Infectoriae</i> allergen alt1a glyceraldeyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase translation elongation factor 1α |
| title | Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Characterization of Alternaria Species Isolated from Wheat Grown in Tuscany, Italy |
| title_full | Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Characterization of Alternaria Species Isolated from Wheat Grown in Tuscany, Italy |
| title_fullStr | Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Characterization of Alternaria Species Isolated from Wheat Grown in Tuscany, Italy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Characterization of Alternaria Species Isolated from Wheat Grown in Tuscany, Italy |
| title_short | Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Characterization of Alternaria Species Isolated from Wheat Grown in Tuscany, Italy |
| title_sort | phylogeny and mycotoxin characterization of alternaria species isolated from wheat grown in tuscany italy |
| topic | tenuazonic acid alternariol alternariol-monomethyl ether altenuene Section <i>Alternaria</i> Section <i>Infectoriae</i> allergen alt1a glyceraldeyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase translation elongation factor 1α |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/11/472 |
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