Modification of the height of a weight drop traumatic brain injury model that causes the formation of glial scar and cognitive impairment in rats
Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a chronic, progressive condition associated with permanent disabilities, particularly cognitive impairments. Glial scar formation following TBI is considered a contributing factor to these persistent disabilities. Currently, limited research exists...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-12-01
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| Series: | BMC Neurology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-023-03494-y |
| _version_ | 1797388287340445696 |
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| author | Donny Wisnu Wardhana Hendy Setyo Yudhanto Wibi Riawan Husnul Khotimah Happy Kurnia Permatasari Tommy Alfandy Nazwar Nurdiana Nurdiana |
| author_facet | Donny Wisnu Wardhana Hendy Setyo Yudhanto Wibi Riawan Husnul Khotimah Happy Kurnia Permatasari Tommy Alfandy Nazwar Nurdiana Nurdiana |
| author_sort | Donny Wisnu Wardhana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a chronic, progressive condition associated with permanent disabilities, particularly cognitive impairments. Glial scar formation following TBI is considered a contributing factor to these persistent disabilities. Currently, limited research exists on pharmacological interventions targeting glial scar prevention that require a standard weight drop TBI model for glial scar formation. Since there is no established standard TBI model for glial scar formation, this study aims to validate and modify the height of the weight drop model to identify glial scar formation and cognitive impairments. Methods Fifteen male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, WD1, and WD2 groups. The weight drop model with a 10 g load was applied to the right exposed brain of the rats from a height of 5 cm (WD1) and 10 cm (WD2) using a modified Feeney’s weight drop device. Cognitive impairments were confirmed using the novel object recognition (NOR) test with ethovision software on day 15. Subsequently, the rats were decapitated on day 16, and GFAP immunohistochemical staining was performed to confirm the presence of glial scarring. Results The WD1 and WD2 groups exhibited a significant increase in glial scar formation compared to the sham group, with the WD2 group resulting in even more pronounced glial scar formation. Only the WD2 model caused statistically significant cognitive damage. The negative correlation coefficient indicates that an increase in GFAP + cells will decrease the cognitive function. Conclusion Modification of the height of the weight drop model, by dropping a weight of 10 g from a height of 10 cm (WD2 group) onto the right brain exposed of the rat has been proven to induce the formation of a glial scar and cognitive impairment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:37:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b080a33daffa47e7846472141079cbeb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2377 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:37:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b080a33daffa47e7846472141079cbeb2023-12-17T12:21:13ZengBMCBMC Neurology1471-23772023-12-012311910.1186/s12883-023-03494-yModification of the height of a weight drop traumatic brain injury model that causes the formation of glial scar and cognitive impairment in ratsDonny Wisnu Wardhana0Hendy Setyo Yudhanto1Wibi Riawan2Husnul Khotimah3Happy Kurnia Permatasari4Tommy Alfandy Nazwar5Nurdiana Nurdiana6Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas BrawijayaDepartment of Anatomy Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas BrawijayaDepartment of Biomolecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas BrawijayaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas BrawijayaDepartment of Biomolecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas BrawijayaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya/Saiful Anwar General HospitalDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas BrawijayaAbstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a chronic, progressive condition associated with permanent disabilities, particularly cognitive impairments. Glial scar formation following TBI is considered a contributing factor to these persistent disabilities. Currently, limited research exists on pharmacological interventions targeting glial scar prevention that require a standard weight drop TBI model for glial scar formation. Since there is no established standard TBI model for glial scar formation, this study aims to validate and modify the height of the weight drop model to identify glial scar formation and cognitive impairments. Methods Fifteen male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, WD1, and WD2 groups. The weight drop model with a 10 g load was applied to the right exposed brain of the rats from a height of 5 cm (WD1) and 10 cm (WD2) using a modified Feeney’s weight drop device. Cognitive impairments were confirmed using the novel object recognition (NOR) test with ethovision software on day 15. Subsequently, the rats were decapitated on day 16, and GFAP immunohistochemical staining was performed to confirm the presence of glial scarring. Results The WD1 and WD2 groups exhibited a significant increase in glial scar formation compared to the sham group, with the WD2 group resulting in even more pronounced glial scar formation. Only the WD2 model caused statistically significant cognitive damage. The negative correlation coefficient indicates that an increase in GFAP + cells will decrease the cognitive function. Conclusion Modification of the height of the weight drop model, by dropping a weight of 10 g from a height of 10 cm (WD2 group) onto the right brain exposed of the rat has been proven to induce the formation of a glial scar and cognitive impairment.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-023-03494-yTraumatic brain InjuryWeight Drop ModelGlial scarCognitive impairment |
| spellingShingle | Donny Wisnu Wardhana Hendy Setyo Yudhanto Wibi Riawan Husnul Khotimah Happy Kurnia Permatasari Tommy Alfandy Nazwar Nurdiana Nurdiana Modification of the height of a weight drop traumatic brain injury model that causes the formation of glial scar and cognitive impairment in rats BMC Neurology Traumatic brain Injury Weight Drop Model Glial scar Cognitive impairment |
| title | Modification of the height of a weight drop traumatic brain injury model that causes the formation of glial scar and cognitive impairment in rats |
| title_full | Modification of the height of a weight drop traumatic brain injury model that causes the formation of glial scar and cognitive impairment in rats |
| title_fullStr | Modification of the height of a weight drop traumatic brain injury model that causes the formation of glial scar and cognitive impairment in rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modification of the height of a weight drop traumatic brain injury model that causes the formation of glial scar and cognitive impairment in rats |
| title_short | Modification of the height of a weight drop traumatic brain injury model that causes the formation of glial scar and cognitive impairment in rats |
| title_sort | modification of the height of a weight drop traumatic brain injury model that causes the formation of glial scar and cognitive impairment in rats |
| topic | Traumatic brain Injury Weight Drop Model Glial scar Cognitive impairment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-023-03494-y |
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