Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model
Introduction: Balloon angioplasty is a commonly applied procedure for treating atherosclerotic vascular diseases. However, the maintenance of long-term lumen patency is relatively difficult due to the occurrence of restenosis. Previous research has shown that the occurrence of vascular wall inflamma...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/22/5449 |
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| author | Genhuan Yang Rong Zeng Xitao Song Changwei Liu Leng Ni |
| author_facet | Genhuan Yang Rong Zeng Xitao Song Changwei Liu Leng Ni |
| author_sort | Genhuan Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Balloon angioplasty is a commonly applied procedure for treating atherosclerotic vascular diseases. However, the maintenance of long-term lumen patency is relatively difficult due to the occurrence of restenosis. Previous research has shown that the occurrence of vascular wall inflammation is associated with higher rates of restenosis. Sophocarpine (SPC) can exert various therapeutic effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, antivirus and immune regulation. This study aimed to investigate whether SPC can alleviate intimal hyperplasia following balloon injury in a rat carotid artery model. Methods: Twenty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: (i) control, (ii) balloon injury, (iii) balloon injury followed by saline injection, and (iv) balloon injury followed by SPC administration. Each group contained five rats. A high-pressure balloon of 3 mm × 20 mm was placed in the carotid artery. The balloon was inflated to a pressure of 8 atmospheres to carry out rat carotid artery balloon injury model. The areas of neointimal and media were determined by Verhoeff_Van Gieson staining, and the intima-to-media (I:M) ratios were subsequently evaluated. After that, the protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and eNOS were measured. Results: The ratio of I:M was remarkably higher in the balloon injury group than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). SPC could significantly decrease the ratio of I:M compared with the balloon injury group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Besides, the protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were increased in rat carotid arteries exposed to balloon injury (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and treatment with SPC could attenuate these effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, balloon injury inhibited the protein expression of eNOS (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and SPC could elevate its level (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conclusions: SPC could alleviate an intimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured carotid artery, and the mechanisms underlying this protective effect might be due to its inhibitory potency against inflammation signals. Our study also implies the potential applicability of SPC in treating restenosis after balloon angioplasty. |
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| id | doaj.art-b08f13ccb3ff4dd799f24848ce0b0fa7 |
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| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b08f13ccb3ff4dd799f24848ce0b0fa72023-11-22T23:51:34ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832021-11-011022544910.3390/jcm10225449Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat ModelGenhuan Yang0Rong Zeng1Xitao Song2Changwei Liu3Leng Ni4Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, ChinaDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, ChinaDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, ChinaDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, ChinaDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, ChinaIntroduction: Balloon angioplasty is a commonly applied procedure for treating atherosclerotic vascular diseases. However, the maintenance of long-term lumen patency is relatively difficult due to the occurrence of restenosis. Previous research has shown that the occurrence of vascular wall inflammation is associated with higher rates of restenosis. Sophocarpine (SPC) can exert various therapeutic effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, antivirus and immune regulation. This study aimed to investigate whether SPC can alleviate intimal hyperplasia following balloon injury in a rat carotid artery model. Methods: Twenty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: (i) control, (ii) balloon injury, (iii) balloon injury followed by saline injection, and (iv) balloon injury followed by SPC administration. Each group contained five rats. A high-pressure balloon of 3 mm × 20 mm was placed in the carotid artery. The balloon was inflated to a pressure of 8 atmospheres to carry out rat carotid artery balloon injury model. The areas of neointimal and media were determined by Verhoeff_Van Gieson staining, and the intima-to-media (I:M) ratios were subsequently evaluated. After that, the protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and eNOS were measured. Results: The ratio of I:M was remarkably higher in the balloon injury group than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). SPC could significantly decrease the ratio of I:M compared with the balloon injury group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Besides, the protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were increased in rat carotid arteries exposed to balloon injury (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and treatment with SPC could attenuate these effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, balloon injury inhibited the protein expression of eNOS (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and SPC could elevate its level (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conclusions: SPC could alleviate an intimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured carotid artery, and the mechanisms underlying this protective effect might be due to its inhibitory potency against inflammation signals. Our study also implies the potential applicability of SPC in treating restenosis after balloon angioplasty.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/22/5449sophocarpineballoon injuryvascularintima hyperplasiaangioplasty |
| spellingShingle | Genhuan Yang Rong Zeng Xitao Song Changwei Liu Leng Ni Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model Journal of Clinical Medicine sophocarpine balloon injury vascular intima hyperplasia angioplasty |
| title | Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model |
| title_full | Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model |
| title_fullStr | Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model |
| title_short | Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model |
| title_sort | sophocarpine alleviates injury induced intima hyperplasia of carotid arteries by suppressing inflammation in a rat model |
| topic | sophocarpine balloon injury vascular intima hyperplasia angioplasty |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/22/5449 |
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