<i>Trichoderma</i> and the Plant Heritable Priming Responses
There is no doubt that <i>Trichoderma</i> is an inhabitant of the rhizosphere that plays an important role in how plants interact with the environment. Beyond the production of cell wall degrading enzymes and metabolites, <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. can protect plants by inducing...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/4/318 |
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| author | María E. Morán-Diez Ángel Emilio Martínez de Alba M. Belén Rubio Rosa Hermosa Enrique Monte |
| author_facet | María E. Morán-Diez Ángel Emilio Martínez de Alba M. Belén Rubio Rosa Hermosa Enrique Monte |
| author_sort | María E. Morán-Diez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is no doubt that <i>Trichoderma</i> is an inhabitant of the rhizosphere that plays an important role in how plants interact with the environment. Beyond the production of cell wall degrading enzymes and metabolites, <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. can protect plants by inducing faster and stronger immune responses, a mechanism known as priming, which involves enhanced accumulation of dormant cellular proteins that function in intracellular signal amplification. One example of these proteins is the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) that are triggered by the rise of cytosolic calcium levels and cellular redox changes following a stressful challenge. Transcription factors such as WRKYs, MYBs, and MYCs, play important roles in priming as they act as regulatory nodes in the transcriptional network of systemic defence after stress recognition. In terms of long-lasting priming, <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. may be involved in plants epigenetic regulation through histone modifications and replacements, DNA (hypo)methylation, and RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Inheritance of these epigenetic marks for enhanced resistance and growth promotion, without compromising the level of resistance of the plant’s offspring to abiotic or biotic stresses, seems to be an interesting path to be fully explored. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:10:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b099c96aedcc44fa8cbae109b3591c90 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:10:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-b099c96aedcc44fa8cbae109b3591c902023-11-21T16:12:59ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-04-017431810.3390/jof7040318<i>Trichoderma</i> and the Plant Heritable Priming ResponsesMaría E. Morán-Diez0Ángel Emilio Martínez de Alba1M. Belén Rubio2Rosa Hermosa3Enrique Monte4Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, SpainThere is no doubt that <i>Trichoderma</i> is an inhabitant of the rhizosphere that plays an important role in how plants interact with the environment. Beyond the production of cell wall degrading enzymes and metabolites, <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. can protect plants by inducing faster and stronger immune responses, a mechanism known as priming, which involves enhanced accumulation of dormant cellular proteins that function in intracellular signal amplification. One example of these proteins is the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) that are triggered by the rise of cytosolic calcium levels and cellular redox changes following a stressful challenge. Transcription factors such as WRKYs, MYBs, and MYCs, play important roles in priming as they act as regulatory nodes in the transcriptional network of systemic defence after stress recognition. In terms of long-lasting priming, <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. may be involved in plants epigenetic regulation through histone modifications and replacements, DNA (hypo)methylation, and RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Inheritance of these epigenetic marks for enhanced resistance and growth promotion, without compromising the level of resistance of the plant’s offspring to abiotic or biotic stresses, seems to be an interesting path to be fully explored.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/4/318biocontrolsystemic defenceimmune responseepigeneticsmethylationtranscription factor |
| spellingShingle | María E. Morán-Diez Ángel Emilio Martínez de Alba M. Belén Rubio Rosa Hermosa Enrique Monte <i>Trichoderma</i> and the Plant Heritable Priming Responses Journal of Fungi biocontrol systemic defence immune response epigenetics methylation transcription factor |
| title | <i>Trichoderma</i> and the Plant Heritable Priming Responses |
| title_full | <i>Trichoderma</i> and the Plant Heritable Priming Responses |
| title_fullStr | <i>Trichoderma</i> and the Plant Heritable Priming Responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Trichoderma</i> and the Plant Heritable Priming Responses |
| title_short | <i>Trichoderma</i> and the Plant Heritable Priming Responses |
| title_sort | i trichoderma i and the plant heritable priming responses |
| topic | biocontrol systemic defence immune response epigenetics methylation transcription factor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/4/318 |
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