Removal of hydrocarbon from soils possessing macro-heterogeneities using electrokinetics and surfactants
The removal of n-hexadecane from soil in two-dimensional (vertical) setups was investigated using electrokinetics (EK), hydraulic gradient (HG), and anionic surfactant SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) and nonionic surfactant Tween 80. The investigation relied on creating a two-dimensional block containi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Chemical Engineering Journal Advances |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666821120300302 |
| _version_ | 1818899231007571968 |
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| author | Wen Ji Meghana Parameswarappa Jayalakshmamma Charbel Abou Khalil Lin Zhao Michel Boufadel |
| author_facet | Wen Ji Meghana Parameswarappa Jayalakshmamma Charbel Abou Khalil Lin Zhao Michel Boufadel |
| author_sort | Wen Ji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The removal of n-hexadecane from soil in two-dimensional (vertical) setups was investigated using electrokinetics (EK), hydraulic gradient (HG), and anionic surfactant SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) and nonionic surfactant Tween 80. The investigation relied on creating a two-dimensional block containing 3 × 3 cells each 3 cm in dimension. The soils in the blocks were created by mixing loamy sand soil (LSS) with kaolinite (clay) at three proportions: 100% LSS + 0% clay, 95% LSS + 5% clay and 90% LSS + 10% clay. This approach is very different from existing approaches where heterogeneity is layered. The surfactant concentration exhibited a large variability in space, including in the sand around the soil which highlights the limitations of one-dimensional investigations. In general, HG delivered surfactant more uniformly in the sand, but not in the soil. The performance of Tween 80 with EK was slightly higher than that of SDS, as the removal was 64% to 51%, respectively; and was better than SDS when HG was used, 65% to 46%. Another set of experiments was conducted using one cell made of 20% LSS + 80% clay with Tween 80. The EK provided a much higher removal efficiency (77%) than HG (43%), which indicates that EK performs better than HG for clayey soils. Overall, the study indicates that for both anionic and nonionic surfactant, the removal of n-hexadecane using EK was comparable to or better than HG, and that EK is capable of delivering the surfactants in two-dimensional systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:44:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b09b57ac5ec34de483e5b7e29bd579b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-8211 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:44:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemical Engineering Journal Advances |
| spelling | doaj.art-b09b57ac5ec34de483e5b7e29bd579b02022-12-21T20:08:10ZengElsevierChemical Engineering Journal Advances2666-82112020-12-014100030Removal of hydrocarbon from soils possessing macro-heterogeneities using electrokinetics and surfactantsWen Ji0Meghana Parameswarappa Jayalakshmamma1Charbel Abou Khalil2Lin Zhao3Michel Boufadel4Center for Natural Resources, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 MLK Blvd., Newark, NJ 07102, USACenter for Natural Resources, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 MLK Blvd., Newark, NJ 07102, USACenter for Natural Resources, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 MLK Blvd., Newark, NJ 07102, USAExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, 22777 Springwoods Village Pkwy, Houston, TX 77389, USACenter for Natural Resources, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 MLK Blvd., Newark, NJ 07102, USA; Corresponding author.The removal of n-hexadecane from soil in two-dimensional (vertical) setups was investigated using electrokinetics (EK), hydraulic gradient (HG), and anionic surfactant SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) and nonionic surfactant Tween 80. The investigation relied on creating a two-dimensional block containing 3 × 3 cells each 3 cm in dimension. The soils in the blocks were created by mixing loamy sand soil (LSS) with kaolinite (clay) at three proportions: 100% LSS + 0% clay, 95% LSS + 5% clay and 90% LSS + 10% clay. This approach is very different from existing approaches where heterogeneity is layered. The surfactant concentration exhibited a large variability in space, including in the sand around the soil which highlights the limitations of one-dimensional investigations. In general, HG delivered surfactant more uniformly in the sand, but not in the soil. The performance of Tween 80 with EK was slightly higher than that of SDS, as the removal was 64% to 51%, respectively; and was better than SDS when HG was used, 65% to 46%. Another set of experiments was conducted using one cell made of 20% LSS + 80% clay with Tween 80. The EK provided a much higher removal efficiency (77%) than HG (43%), which indicates that EK performs better than HG for clayey soils. Overall, the study indicates that for both anionic and nonionic surfactant, the removal of n-hexadecane using EK was comparable to or better than HG, and that EK is capable of delivering the surfactants in two-dimensional systems.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666821120300302Soil remediationn-HexadecaneElectrokineticsHydraulic gradientSodium dodecyl sulfateTween 80 |
| spellingShingle | Wen Ji Meghana Parameswarappa Jayalakshmamma Charbel Abou Khalil Lin Zhao Michel Boufadel Removal of hydrocarbon from soils possessing macro-heterogeneities using electrokinetics and surfactants Chemical Engineering Journal Advances Soil remediation n-Hexadecane Electrokinetics Hydraulic gradient Sodium dodecyl sulfate Tween 80 |
| title | Removal of hydrocarbon from soils possessing macro-heterogeneities using electrokinetics and surfactants |
| title_full | Removal of hydrocarbon from soils possessing macro-heterogeneities using electrokinetics and surfactants |
| title_fullStr | Removal of hydrocarbon from soils possessing macro-heterogeneities using electrokinetics and surfactants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Removal of hydrocarbon from soils possessing macro-heterogeneities using electrokinetics and surfactants |
| title_short | Removal of hydrocarbon from soils possessing macro-heterogeneities using electrokinetics and surfactants |
| title_sort | removal of hydrocarbon from soils possessing macro heterogeneities using electrokinetics and surfactants |
| topic | Soil remediation n-Hexadecane Electrokinetics Hydraulic gradient Sodium dodecyl sulfate Tween 80 |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666821120300302 |
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