Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity Profiles
The importance of isothiazole and of compounds containing the isothiazole nucleus has been growing over the last few years. Isothiazolinones are used in cosmetic and as chemical additives for occupational and industrial usage due to their bacteriostatic and fungiostatic activity. Despite their effec...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/4/991 |
| _version_ | 1828471618727313408 |
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| author | Vânia Silva Cátia Silva Pedro Soares E. Manuela Garrido Fernanda Borges Jorge Garrido |
| author_facet | Vânia Silva Cátia Silva Pedro Soares E. Manuela Garrido Fernanda Borges Jorge Garrido |
| author_sort | Vânia Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The importance of isothiazole and of compounds containing the isothiazole nucleus has been growing over the last few years. Isothiazolinones are used in cosmetic and as chemical additives for occupational and industrial usage due to their bacteriostatic and fungiostatic activity. Despite their effectiveness as biocides, isothiazolinones are strong sensitizers, producing skin irritations and allergies and may pose ecotoxicological hazards. Therefore, their use is restricted by EU legislation. Considering the relevance and importance of isothiazolinone biocides, the present review describes the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding their synthesis, antibacterial components, toxicity (including structure−activity−toxicity relationships) outlines, and (photo)chemical stability. Due to the increasing prevalence and impact of isothiazolinones in consumer’s health, analytical methods for the identification and determination of this type of biocides were also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T05:14:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0aa9ae2810f4bd0a09122f60bdb952f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T05:14:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0aa9ae2810f4bd0a09122f60bdb952f2022-12-22T01:19:50ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-02-0125499110.3390/molecules25040991molecules25040991Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity ProfilesVânia Silva0Cátia Silva1Pedro Soares2E. Manuela Garrido3Fernanda Borges4Jorge Garrido5CIETI/School of Engineering (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalCIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalCIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalCIETI/School of Engineering (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalCIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalCIETI/School of Engineering (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalThe importance of isothiazole and of compounds containing the isothiazole nucleus has been growing over the last few years. Isothiazolinones are used in cosmetic and as chemical additives for occupational and industrial usage due to their bacteriostatic and fungiostatic activity. Despite their effectiveness as biocides, isothiazolinones are strong sensitizers, producing skin irritations and allergies and may pose ecotoxicological hazards. Therefore, their use is restricted by EU legislation. Considering the relevance and importance of isothiazolinone biocides, the present review describes the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding their synthesis, antibacterial components, toxicity (including structure−activity−toxicity relationships) outlines, and (photo)chemical stability. Due to the increasing prevalence and impact of isothiazolinones in consumer’s health, analytical methods for the identification and determination of this type of biocides were also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/4/991biocidesisothiazolesisothiazolinoneschemistrybiological/toxicity relationshipsstabilityanalysis |
| spellingShingle | Vânia Silva Cátia Silva Pedro Soares E. Manuela Garrido Fernanda Borges Jorge Garrido Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity Profiles Molecules biocides isothiazoles isothiazolinones chemistry biological/toxicity relationships stability analysis |
| title | Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity Profiles |
| title_full | Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity Profiles |
| title_fullStr | Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity Profiles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity Profiles |
| title_short | Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity Profiles |
| title_sort | isothiazolinone biocides chemistry biological and toxicity profiles |
| topic | biocides isothiazoles isothiazolinones chemistry biological/toxicity relationships stability analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/4/991 |
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