Preliminary Clinical Validation of a Drone-Based Delivery System in Urban Scenarios Using a Smart Capsule for Blood
In this paper, we report on the validation of an autonomous drone-based delivery system equipped with a smart capsule for the transportation of blood products in urban areas. The influence of some thermo-mechanical parameters, such as altitude, acceleration/deceleration, external temperature and hum...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Drones |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/6/8/195 |
| _version_ | 1797410647714037760 |
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| author | Fabrizio Niglio Paola Comite Andrea Cannas Angela Pirri Giuseppe Tortora |
| author_facet | Fabrizio Niglio Paola Comite Andrea Cannas Angela Pirri Giuseppe Tortora |
| author_sort | Fabrizio Niglio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we report on the validation of an autonomous drone-based delivery system equipped with a smart capsule for the transportation of blood products in urban areas. The influence of some thermo-mechanical parameters, such as altitude, acceleration/deceleration, external temperature and humidity, on the specimens’ integrity were analyzed. The comparison of the results carried out by hemolytic tests, performed systematically on samples before and after each drone flight, clearly demonstrated that the integrity of blood is preserved and no adverse effects took place during the transport; these results can be addressed to the smart-capsule properties, which allows integrating real-time quality monitoring and control of the temperature experienced by blood products and mechanical vibrations. In addition, we demonstrated this transport system reduces the delivery time considerably. A risk analysis (i.e., HFMEA) was applied to all delivery processes to assess possible criticalities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a drone-based delivery system of blood products in an urban area has been validated to be employed in a future clinical scenario. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:33:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0b0ac26d9d642afb40b0bc625cfe9c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-446X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:33:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Drones |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0b0ac26d9d642afb40b0bc625cfe9c32023-12-03T13:33:16ZengMDPI AGDrones2504-446X2022-08-016819510.3390/drones6080195Preliminary Clinical Validation of a Drone-Based Delivery System in Urban Scenarios Using a Smart Capsule for BloodFabrizio Niglio0Paola Comite1Andrea Cannas2Angela Pirri3Giuseppe Tortora4Azienda Toscana Nord Ovest, Via A. Cocchi 7/9, 56121 Pisa, ItalyAzienda Toscana Nord Ovest, Via A. Cocchi 7/9, 56121 Pisa, ItalySmart Medical Theatre Laboratory, ABzero, Polo Tecnologico Navacchio, Via Mario Giuntini 63, 56023 Cascina, ItalyIstituto di Fisica Applicata “Carrara”, IFAC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10C, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, ItalySmart Medical Theatre Laboratory, ABzero, Polo Tecnologico Navacchio, Via Mario Giuntini 63, 56023 Cascina, ItalyIn this paper, we report on the validation of an autonomous drone-based delivery system equipped with a smart capsule for the transportation of blood products in urban areas. The influence of some thermo-mechanical parameters, such as altitude, acceleration/deceleration, external temperature and humidity, on the specimens’ integrity were analyzed. The comparison of the results carried out by hemolytic tests, performed systematically on samples before and after each drone flight, clearly demonstrated that the integrity of blood is preserved and no adverse effects took place during the transport; these results can be addressed to the smart-capsule properties, which allows integrating real-time quality monitoring and control of the temperature experienced by blood products and mechanical vibrations. In addition, we demonstrated this transport system reduces the delivery time considerably. A risk analysis (i.e., HFMEA) was applied to all delivery processes to assess possible criticalities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a drone-based delivery system of blood products in an urban area has been validated to be employed in a future clinical scenario.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/6/8/195smart capsuleartificial intelligencedronesblood productsdrone transportrisk analysis |
| spellingShingle | Fabrizio Niglio Paola Comite Andrea Cannas Angela Pirri Giuseppe Tortora Preliminary Clinical Validation of a Drone-Based Delivery System in Urban Scenarios Using a Smart Capsule for Blood Drones smart capsule artificial intelligence drones blood products drone transport risk analysis |
| title | Preliminary Clinical Validation of a Drone-Based Delivery System in Urban Scenarios Using a Smart Capsule for Blood |
| title_full | Preliminary Clinical Validation of a Drone-Based Delivery System in Urban Scenarios Using a Smart Capsule for Blood |
| title_fullStr | Preliminary Clinical Validation of a Drone-Based Delivery System in Urban Scenarios Using a Smart Capsule for Blood |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preliminary Clinical Validation of a Drone-Based Delivery System in Urban Scenarios Using a Smart Capsule for Blood |
| title_short | Preliminary Clinical Validation of a Drone-Based Delivery System in Urban Scenarios Using a Smart Capsule for Blood |
| title_sort | preliminary clinical validation of a drone based delivery system in urban scenarios using a smart capsule for blood |
| topic | smart capsule artificial intelligence drones blood products drone transport risk analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/6/8/195 |
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