Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed in Korea
Despite increased attention to the need for sustainable agriculture, fertilizer application rates above crop requirements remain common agricultural practices in South Korea, causing eutrophication of freshwater and coastal ecosystems. The aim of this study is to quantify phosphorus (P) inputs, outp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/1/4 |
| _version_ | 1811205181813030912 |
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| author | Arif Reza Jaesung Eum Sungmin Jung Youngsoon Choi Changwon Jang Kiyong Kim Jeffrey S. Owen Bomchul Kim |
| author_facet | Arif Reza Jaesung Eum Sungmin Jung Youngsoon Choi Changwon Jang Kiyong Kim Jeffrey S. Owen Bomchul Kim |
| author_sort | Arif Reza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite increased attention to the need for sustainable agriculture, fertilizer application rates above crop requirements remain common agricultural practices in South Korea, causing eutrophication of freshwater and coastal ecosystems. The aim of this study is to quantify phosphorus (P) inputs, outputs, and retention in a forested-agricultural watershed. The P budget showed that the combined use of chemical fertilizer and organic compost was the largest source of P (97.6% of the total) followed by atmospheric wet deposition (2.1% of the total P), whereas forest export (0.2% of the total) and sewage treatment plants (STPs) (0.1% of the total) were negligible. The P outputs were crop harvesting and hydrologic export to surface water. The P balance showed that P inputs are higher than the P outputs; approximately 87% of the total P input was retained in the soils within the watershed. However, P concentrations in drainage water were still high enough to cause eutrophication of downstream reservoirs. The results provide important details on the proportion of P export and retention in the watershed. This will help efforts to improve water quality and design better management strategies for agricultural nonpoint source pollution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:26:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0b2d053ca7e429a92c28ed136c7dca9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:26:26Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0b2d053ca7e429a92c28ed136c7dca92022-12-22T03:49:42ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412018-12-01111410.3390/w11010004w11010004Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed in KoreaArif Reza0Jaesung Eum1Sungmin Jung2Youngsoon Choi3Changwon Jang4Kiyong Kim5Jeffrey S. Owen6Bomchul Kim7Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDespite increased attention to the need for sustainable agriculture, fertilizer application rates above crop requirements remain common agricultural practices in South Korea, causing eutrophication of freshwater and coastal ecosystems. The aim of this study is to quantify phosphorus (P) inputs, outputs, and retention in a forested-agricultural watershed. The P budget showed that the combined use of chemical fertilizer and organic compost was the largest source of P (97.6% of the total) followed by atmospheric wet deposition (2.1% of the total P), whereas forest export (0.2% of the total) and sewage treatment plants (STPs) (0.1% of the total) were negligible. The P outputs were crop harvesting and hydrologic export to surface water. The P balance showed that P inputs are higher than the P outputs; approximately 87% of the total P input was retained in the soils within the watershed. However, P concentrations in drainage water were still high enough to cause eutrophication of downstream reservoirs. The results provide important details on the proportion of P export and retention in the watershed. This will help efforts to improve water quality and design better management strategies for agricultural nonpoint source pollution.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/1/4phosphorusnutrient budgetnonpoint source pollutionKoreamonsoon climate |
| spellingShingle | Arif Reza Jaesung Eum Sungmin Jung Youngsoon Choi Changwon Jang Kiyong Kim Jeffrey S. Owen Bomchul Kim Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed in Korea Water phosphorus nutrient budget nonpoint source pollution Korea monsoon climate |
| title | Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed in Korea |
| title_full | Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed in Korea |
| title_fullStr | Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed in Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed in Korea |
| title_short | Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed in Korea |
| title_sort | phosphorus budget for a forested agricultural watershed in korea |
| topic | phosphorus nutrient budget nonpoint source pollution Korea monsoon climate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/1/4 |
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