Incorporation of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate into a Mesoporous Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold to Regulate the Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Accelerate Bone Regeneration
Tissue engineering and scaffolds play an important role in tissue regeneration by supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The design of a scaffold is critical in determining its feasibility, and it is critical to note that each tissue is unique in terms of its morphology and co...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/2/128 |
| _version_ | 1797406121272541184 |
|---|---|
| author | Kuo-Hao Huang Chen-Ying Wang Cheng-Yu Chen Tuan-Ti Hsu Chun-Pin Lin |
| author_facet | Kuo-Hao Huang Chen-Ying Wang Cheng-Yu Chen Tuan-Ti Hsu Chun-Pin Lin |
| author_sort | Kuo-Hao Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tissue engineering and scaffolds play an important role in tissue regeneration by supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The design of a scaffold is critical in determining its feasibility, and it is critical to note that each tissue is unique in terms of its morphology and composition. However, calcium-silicate-based scaffolds are undegradable, which severely limits their application in bone regeneration. In this study, we developed a biodegradable mesoporous calcium silicate (MS)/calcium sulfate (CS)/poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) composite and fabricated a composite scaffold with 3D printing technologies. In addition, we were able to load bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) into MS powder via a one-step immersion procedure. The results demonstrated that the MS/CS scaffold gradually degraded within 3 months. More importantly, the scaffold exhibited a gradual release of BMP-2 throughout the test period. The adhesion and proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells on the MS/CS/BMP-2 (MS/CS/B) scaffold were significantly greater than that on the MS/CS scaffold. It was also found that cells cultured on the MS/CS/B scaffold had significantly higher levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and angiogenic-related protein expression. The MS/CS/B scaffold promoted the growth of new blood vessels and bone regeneration within 4 weeks of implantation in rabbits with induced critical-sized femoral defects. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the 3D-printed MS/CS/B scaffold can act both as a conventional BMP-2 delivery system and as an ideal osteoinductive biomaterial for bone regeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:20:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0b3b258ab554aa9bce7ae3463e6fc9d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:20:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0b3b258ab554aa9bce7ae3463e6fc9d2023-12-03T15:10:49ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-01-019212810.3390/biomedicines9020128Incorporation of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate into a Mesoporous Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold to Regulate the Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Accelerate Bone RegenerationKuo-Hao Huang0Chen-Ying Wang1Cheng-Yu Chen2Tuan-Ti Hsu3Chun-Pin Lin4Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, TaiwanX-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, TaiwanTissue engineering and scaffolds play an important role in tissue regeneration by supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The design of a scaffold is critical in determining its feasibility, and it is critical to note that each tissue is unique in terms of its morphology and composition. However, calcium-silicate-based scaffolds are undegradable, which severely limits their application in bone regeneration. In this study, we developed a biodegradable mesoporous calcium silicate (MS)/calcium sulfate (CS)/poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) composite and fabricated a composite scaffold with 3D printing technologies. In addition, we were able to load bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) into MS powder via a one-step immersion procedure. The results demonstrated that the MS/CS scaffold gradually degraded within 3 months. More importantly, the scaffold exhibited a gradual release of BMP-2 throughout the test period. The adhesion and proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells on the MS/CS/BMP-2 (MS/CS/B) scaffold were significantly greater than that on the MS/CS scaffold. It was also found that cells cultured on the MS/CS/B scaffold had significantly higher levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and angiogenic-related protein expression. The MS/CS/B scaffold promoted the growth of new blood vessels and bone regeneration within 4 weeks of implantation in rabbits with induced critical-sized femoral defects. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the 3D-printed MS/CS/B scaffold can act both as a conventional BMP-2 delivery system and as an ideal osteoinductive biomaterial for bone regeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/2/128bone morphogenetic protein-2calcium silicatecalcium sulfate3D printingosteogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Kuo-Hao Huang Chen-Ying Wang Cheng-Yu Chen Tuan-Ti Hsu Chun-Pin Lin Incorporation of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate into a Mesoporous Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold to Regulate the Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Accelerate Bone Regeneration Biomedicines bone morphogenetic protein-2 calcium silicate calcium sulfate 3D printing osteogenesis |
| title | Incorporation of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate into a Mesoporous Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold to Regulate the Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Accelerate Bone Regeneration |
| title_full | Incorporation of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate into a Mesoporous Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold to Regulate the Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Accelerate Bone Regeneration |
| title_fullStr | Incorporation of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate into a Mesoporous Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold to Regulate the Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Accelerate Bone Regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Incorporation of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate into a Mesoporous Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold to Regulate the Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Accelerate Bone Regeneration |
| title_short | Incorporation of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate into a Mesoporous Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold to Regulate the Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Accelerate Bone Regeneration |
| title_sort | incorporation of calcium sulfate dihydrate into a mesoporous calcium silicate poly ε caprolactone scaffold to regulate the release of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and accelerate bone regeneration |
| topic | bone morphogenetic protein-2 calcium silicate calcium sulfate 3D printing osteogenesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/2/128 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kuohaohuang incorporationofcalciumsulfatedihydrateintoamesoporouscalciumsilicatepolyecaprolactonescaffoldtoregulatethereleaseofbonemorphogeneticprotein2andaccelerateboneregeneration AT chenyingwang incorporationofcalciumsulfatedihydrateintoamesoporouscalciumsilicatepolyecaprolactonescaffoldtoregulatethereleaseofbonemorphogeneticprotein2andaccelerateboneregeneration AT chengyuchen incorporationofcalciumsulfatedihydrateintoamesoporouscalciumsilicatepolyecaprolactonescaffoldtoregulatethereleaseofbonemorphogeneticprotein2andaccelerateboneregeneration AT tuantihsu incorporationofcalciumsulfatedihydrateintoamesoporouscalciumsilicatepolyecaprolactonescaffoldtoregulatethereleaseofbonemorphogeneticprotein2andaccelerateboneregeneration AT chunpinlin incorporationofcalciumsulfatedihydrateintoamesoporouscalciumsilicatepolyecaprolactonescaffoldtoregulatethereleaseofbonemorphogeneticprotein2andaccelerateboneregeneration |