Green Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Lotus (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn) Leaf Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: Process Optimization and Antioxidant Activity
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NDESs) were used to extract flavonoids and polyphenols from lotus (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn.) leaves at the same time, and the extraction process was optimized to provide reference for the effective development and utilization of lotus leaves. The de...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/5/272 |
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| author | Jiwei Yang Zhi Yan Lingna Li Lifen Zhang Mengjian Zhao Huixiang Yi Ziying Wang Gang Li Zhenhua Wang Mei Li Chengjun Ma |
| author_facet | Jiwei Yang Zhi Yan Lingna Li Lifen Zhang Mengjian Zhao Huixiang Yi Ziying Wang Gang Li Zhenhua Wang Mei Li Chengjun Ma |
| author_sort | Jiwei Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural deep eutectic solvents (NDESs) were used to extract flavonoids and polyphenols from lotus (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn.) leaves at the same time, and the extraction process was optimized to provide reference for the effective development and utilization of lotus leaves. The deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with the highest yield of flavonoids and polyphenols were screened out from 19 different NDES combinations. The response surface method was employed to optimize the extraction process. After a rational design, a lactic acid/glycerol (molar ratio 1:2) DES was chosen as the optimal extraction solvent, and the optimum extraction parameters were as follow: water content (29%), liquid–solid ratio (37:1 mL/g), extraction time (61 min), and extraction temperature (53 °C). Compared with traditional water extraction or ethanol extraction, it improved the yield of flavonoids (126.10 mg/g) and polyphenols (126.10 mg/g). By LC–MS analysis, 19 flavonoids or organic acid compounds with known compound structural formulae were identified in the DES extract of lotus leaves. By comparing the free radical scavenging ability and total reducing ability, the extraction of lotus leaves using the NDES method was superior to both ethanol extraction and water extraction. It is a green, environmentally friendly, and efficient extraction method for antioxidants from leaves of <i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:19:42Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:19:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b0b49fd2d6d84671a11bf7dd85b8fabc2023-11-18T03:15:41ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-04-0110527210.3390/separations10050272Green Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Lotus (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn) Leaf Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: Process Optimization and Antioxidant ActivityJiwei Yang0Zhi Yan1Lingna Li2Lifen Zhang3Mengjian Zhao4Huixiang Yi5Ziying Wang6Gang Li7Zhenhua Wang8Mei Li9Chengjun Ma10Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaYantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, ChinaCenter for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaCenter for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaCenter for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaCenter for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaCenter for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaCenter for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaCenter for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaCenter for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaCenter for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaNatural deep eutectic solvents (NDESs) were used to extract flavonoids and polyphenols from lotus (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn.) leaves at the same time, and the extraction process was optimized to provide reference for the effective development and utilization of lotus leaves. The deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with the highest yield of flavonoids and polyphenols were screened out from 19 different NDES combinations. The response surface method was employed to optimize the extraction process. After a rational design, a lactic acid/glycerol (molar ratio 1:2) DES was chosen as the optimal extraction solvent, and the optimum extraction parameters were as follow: water content (29%), liquid–solid ratio (37:1 mL/g), extraction time (61 min), and extraction temperature (53 °C). Compared with traditional water extraction or ethanol extraction, it improved the yield of flavonoids (126.10 mg/g) and polyphenols (126.10 mg/g). By LC–MS analysis, 19 flavonoids or organic acid compounds with known compound structural formulae were identified in the DES extract of lotus leaves. By comparing the free radical scavenging ability and total reducing ability, the extraction of lotus leaves using the NDES method was superior to both ethanol extraction and water extraction. It is a green, environmentally friendly, and efficient extraction method for antioxidants from leaves of <i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/5/272deep eutectic solventslotus (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn.) leavesextractionresponse surface methodologyantioxidantflavonoids |
| spellingShingle | Jiwei Yang Zhi Yan Lingna Li Lifen Zhang Mengjian Zhao Huixiang Yi Ziying Wang Gang Li Zhenhua Wang Mei Li Chengjun Ma Green Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Lotus (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn) Leaf Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: Process Optimization and Antioxidant Activity Separations deep eutectic solvents lotus (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn.) leaves extraction response surface methodology antioxidant flavonoids |
| title | Green Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Lotus (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn) Leaf Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: Process Optimization and Antioxidant Activity |
| title_full | Green Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Lotus (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn) Leaf Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: Process Optimization and Antioxidant Activity |
| title_fullStr | Green Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Lotus (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn) Leaf Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: Process Optimization and Antioxidant Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Lotus (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn) Leaf Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: Process Optimization and Antioxidant Activity |
| title_short | Green Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Lotus (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn) Leaf Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: Process Optimization and Antioxidant Activity |
| title_sort | green extraction of phenolic compounds from lotus i nelumbo nucifera i gaertn leaf using deep eutectic solvents process optimization and antioxidant activity |
| topic | deep eutectic solvents lotus (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn.) leaves extraction response surface methodology antioxidant flavonoids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/5/272 |
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