Developing Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Estimating the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Jet Grouting Composite: A Comparative Study
Coal-grout composites were fabricated in this study using the jet grouting (JG) technique to enhance coal mass in underground conditions. To evaluate the mechanical properties of the created coal-grout composite, its unconfined compressive strength (UCS) needed to be tested. A mathematical model is...
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/5/1612 |
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| author | Yuantian Sun Guichen Li Junfei Zhang |
| author_facet | Yuantian Sun Guichen Li Junfei Zhang |
| author_sort | Yuantian Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coal-grout composites were fabricated in this study using the jet grouting (JG) technique to enhance coal mass in underground conditions. To evaluate the mechanical properties of the created coal-grout composite, its unconfined compressive strength (UCS) needed to be tested. A mathematical model is required to elucidate the unknown nonlinear relationship between the UCS and the influencing variables. In this study, six computational intelligence techniques using machine learning (ML) algorithms were used to develop the mathematical models, which includes back-propagation neural network (BPNN), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and logistic regression (LR). In addition, the hyper-parameters in these typical algorithms (e.g., the hidden layers in BPNN, the gamma in SVM, and the number of neighbor samples in KNN) were tuned by the recently developed beetle antennae search algorithm (BAS). To prepare the dataset for these ML models, three types of cementitious grout and three types of chemical grout were mixed with coal powders extracted from the Guobei coalmine, Anhui Province, China to create coal-grout composites. In total, 405 coal-grout specimens in total were extracted and tested. Several variables such as grout types, coal-grout ratio, and curing time were chosen as input parameters, while UCS was the output of these models. The results show that coal-chemical grout composites had higher strength in the short-term, while the coal-cementitious grout composites could achieve stable and high strength in the long term. BPNN, DT, and SVM outperform the others in terms of predicting the UCS of the coal-grout composites. The outstanding performance of the optimum ML algorithms for strength prediction facilitates JG parameter design in practice and could be the benchmark for the wider application of ML methods in JG engineering for coal improvement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:55:15Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b0b6585b936c4fde8d6cd07909ac2131 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:55:15Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0b6585b936c4fde8d6cd07909ac21312022-12-22T03:05:42ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-02-01105161210.3390/app10051612app10051612Developing Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Estimating the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Jet Grouting Composite: A Comparative StudyYuantian Sun0Guichen Li1Junfei Zhang2Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining, Ministry of Education of China; School of Mines; China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaKey Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining, Ministry of Education of China; School of Mines; China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, the University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, AustraliaCoal-grout composites were fabricated in this study using the jet grouting (JG) technique to enhance coal mass in underground conditions. To evaluate the mechanical properties of the created coal-grout composite, its unconfined compressive strength (UCS) needed to be tested. A mathematical model is required to elucidate the unknown nonlinear relationship between the UCS and the influencing variables. In this study, six computational intelligence techniques using machine learning (ML) algorithms were used to develop the mathematical models, which includes back-propagation neural network (BPNN), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and logistic regression (LR). In addition, the hyper-parameters in these typical algorithms (e.g., the hidden layers in BPNN, the gamma in SVM, and the number of neighbor samples in KNN) were tuned by the recently developed beetle antennae search algorithm (BAS). To prepare the dataset for these ML models, three types of cementitious grout and three types of chemical grout were mixed with coal powders extracted from the Guobei coalmine, Anhui Province, China to create coal-grout composites. In total, 405 coal-grout specimens in total were extracted and tested. Several variables such as grout types, coal-grout ratio, and curing time were chosen as input parameters, while UCS was the output of these models. The results show that coal-chemical grout composites had higher strength in the short-term, while the coal-cementitious grout composites could achieve stable and high strength in the long term. BPNN, DT, and SVM outperform the others in terms of predicting the UCS of the coal-grout composites. The outstanding performance of the optimum ML algorithms for strength prediction facilitates JG parameter design in practice and could be the benchmark for the wider application of ML methods in JG engineering for coal improvement.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/5/1612jet groutingcoal-grout compositehybrid machine learning modelsbeetle antennae search algorithm |
| spellingShingle | Yuantian Sun Guichen Li Junfei Zhang Developing Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Estimating the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Jet Grouting Composite: A Comparative Study Applied Sciences jet grouting coal-grout composite hybrid machine learning models beetle antennae search algorithm |
| title | Developing Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Estimating the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Jet Grouting Composite: A Comparative Study |
| title_full | Developing Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Estimating the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Jet Grouting Composite: A Comparative Study |
| title_fullStr | Developing Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Estimating the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Jet Grouting Composite: A Comparative Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Developing Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Estimating the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Jet Grouting Composite: A Comparative Study |
| title_short | Developing Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Estimating the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Jet Grouting Composite: A Comparative Study |
| title_sort | developing hybrid machine learning models for estimating the unconfined compressive strength of jet grouting composite a comparative study |
| topic | jet grouting coal-grout composite hybrid machine learning models beetle antennae search algorithm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/5/1612 |
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