NETs Are Double-Edged Swords with the Potential to Aggravate or Resolve Periodontal Inflammation
Periodontitis is a general term for diseases characterised by inflammatory destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, gradual destruction of the marginal periodontal ligament and resorption of alveolar bone. Early-onset periodontitis is due to disturbed neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation an...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/12/2614 |
| _version_ | 1797545608119058432 |
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| author | Ljubomir Vitkov Bernd Minnich Jasmin Knopf Christine Schauer Matthias Hannig Martin Herrmann |
| author_facet | Ljubomir Vitkov Bernd Minnich Jasmin Knopf Christine Schauer Matthias Hannig Martin Herrmann |
| author_sort | Ljubomir Vitkov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Periodontitis is a general term for diseases characterised by inflammatory destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, gradual destruction of the marginal periodontal ligament and resorption of alveolar bone. Early-onset periodontitis is due to disturbed neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and clearance. Indeed, mutations that inactivate the cysteine proteases cathepsin C result in the massive periodontal damage seen in patients with deficient NET formation. In contrast, exaggerated NET formation due to polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) hyper-responsiveness drives the pathology of late-onset periodontitis by damaging and ulcerating the gingival epithelium and retarding epithelial healing. Despite the gingival regeneration, periodontitis progression ends with almost complete loss of the periodontal ligament and subsequent tooth loss. Thus, NETs help to maintain periodontal health, and their dysregulation, either insufficiency or surplus, causes heavy periodontal pathology and edentulism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:18:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0b9655d7ac247a498e7a1743a62cd96 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:18:43Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0b9655d7ac247a498e7a1743a62cd962023-11-20T23:36:42ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-12-01912261410.3390/cells9122614NETs Are Double-Edged Swords with the Potential to Aggravate or Resolve Periodontal InflammationLjubomir Vitkov0Bernd Minnich1Jasmin Knopf2Christine Schauer3Matthias Hannig4Martin Herrmann5Department of Biosciences, Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, AustriaDepartment of Biosciences, Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyClinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyPeriodontitis is a general term for diseases characterised by inflammatory destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, gradual destruction of the marginal periodontal ligament and resorption of alveolar bone. Early-onset periodontitis is due to disturbed neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and clearance. Indeed, mutations that inactivate the cysteine proteases cathepsin C result in the massive periodontal damage seen in patients with deficient NET formation. In contrast, exaggerated NET formation due to polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) hyper-responsiveness drives the pathology of late-onset periodontitis by damaging and ulcerating the gingival epithelium and retarding epithelial healing. Despite the gingival regeneration, periodontitis progression ends with almost complete loss of the periodontal ligament and subsequent tooth loss. Thus, NETs help to maintain periodontal health, and their dysregulation, either insufficiency or surplus, causes heavy periodontal pathology and edentulism.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/12/2614NET insufficiencyPMN hyper-responsivenessulcerationcrevicular occlusionexaggerated immune response |
| spellingShingle | Ljubomir Vitkov Bernd Minnich Jasmin Knopf Christine Schauer Matthias Hannig Martin Herrmann NETs Are Double-Edged Swords with the Potential to Aggravate or Resolve Periodontal Inflammation Cells NET insufficiency PMN hyper-responsiveness ulceration crevicular occlusion exaggerated immune response |
| title | NETs Are Double-Edged Swords with the Potential to Aggravate or Resolve Periodontal Inflammation |
| title_full | NETs Are Double-Edged Swords with the Potential to Aggravate or Resolve Periodontal Inflammation |
| title_fullStr | NETs Are Double-Edged Swords with the Potential to Aggravate or Resolve Periodontal Inflammation |
| title_full_unstemmed | NETs Are Double-Edged Swords with the Potential to Aggravate or Resolve Periodontal Inflammation |
| title_short | NETs Are Double-Edged Swords with the Potential to Aggravate or Resolve Periodontal Inflammation |
| title_sort | nets are double edged swords with the potential to aggravate or resolve periodontal inflammation |
| topic | NET insufficiency PMN hyper-responsiveness ulceration crevicular occlusion exaggerated immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/12/2614 |
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