Smoking and degenerative spinal disease: A systematic review
Smoking is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is responsible for the death of more than 8 million people per year globally. Through a systematic literature review, we aim to review the harmful effects of tobacco smoking on degenerative spinal diseases (DSD). DSD is a debilitating...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Brain and Spine |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529422000571 |
| _version_ | 1797977764055220224 |
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| author | Niharika Rajesh Jigishaa Moudgil-Joshi Chandrasekaran Kaliaperumal |
| author_facet | Niharika Rajesh Jigishaa Moudgil-Joshi Chandrasekaran Kaliaperumal |
| author_sort | Niharika Rajesh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Smoking is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is responsible for the death of more than 8 million people per year globally. Through a systematic literature review, we aim to review the harmful effects of tobacco smoking on degenerative spinal diseases (DSD). DSD is a debilitating disease and there is a need to identify if smoking can be an attributable contender for the occurrence of this disease, as it can open up avenues for therapeutic options. Sources such as PubMed and Embase were used to review literature, maintaining tobacco smoking and spinal diseases as inclusion factors, excluding any article that did not explore this relationship. Risk of bias was assessed using analysis of results, sample size and methods and limitations. Upon review of the literature, tobacco smoking was found to be a major risk factor for the occurrence of DSDs, particularly lumbar spinal diseases. Smokers also experienced a greater need for surgery and greater postoperative wound healing complications, increased pain perception, delay in recovery and decreased satisfaction after receiving surgery. These effects were noted along the entire spine. Many mechanisms of action have been identified in the literature that provide plausible pictures of how smoking leads to spinal degeneration, exploring possible primary targets which can open up opportunities to develop potential therapeutic agents. More studies on cervical and thoracic spinal degeneration would be beneficial in identifying the effect of nicotine on these spinal levels. Some limitations included insufficient sample size, inconclusive evidence and lack of sufficient repeat studies. However, there appears to be a sufficient amount of research on smoking directly contributing to lumbar spinal pathology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:12:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0ba90d091384f7e9f63468b22a9ea66 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-5294 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:12:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain and Spine |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0ba90d091384f7e9f63468b22a9ea662022-12-25T04:20:29ZengElsevierBrain and Spine2772-52942022-01-012100916Smoking and degenerative spinal disease: A systematic reviewNiharika Rajesh0Jigishaa Moudgil-Joshi1Chandrasekaran Kaliaperumal2Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin, D02 YN77, IrelandCollege of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Corresponding author. College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK.Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCN), 50 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UKSmoking is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is responsible for the death of more than 8 million people per year globally. Through a systematic literature review, we aim to review the harmful effects of tobacco smoking on degenerative spinal diseases (DSD). DSD is a debilitating disease and there is a need to identify if smoking can be an attributable contender for the occurrence of this disease, as it can open up avenues for therapeutic options. Sources such as PubMed and Embase were used to review literature, maintaining tobacco smoking and spinal diseases as inclusion factors, excluding any article that did not explore this relationship. Risk of bias was assessed using analysis of results, sample size and methods and limitations. Upon review of the literature, tobacco smoking was found to be a major risk factor for the occurrence of DSDs, particularly lumbar spinal diseases. Smokers also experienced a greater need for surgery and greater postoperative wound healing complications, increased pain perception, delay in recovery and decreased satisfaction after receiving surgery. These effects were noted along the entire spine. Many mechanisms of action have been identified in the literature that provide plausible pictures of how smoking leads to spinal degeneration, exploring possible primary targets which can open up opportunities to develop potential therapeutic agents. More studies on cervical and thoracic spinal degeneration would be beneficial in identifying the effect of nicotine on these spinal levels. Some limitations included insufficient sample size, inconclusive evidence and lack of sufficient repeat studies. However, there appears to be a sufficient amount of research on smoking directly contributing to lumbar spinal pathology.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529422000571 |
| spellingShingle | Niharika Rajesh Jigishaa Moudgil-Joshi Chandrasekaran Kaliaperumal Smoking and degenerative spinal disease: A systematic review Brain and Spine |
| title | Smoking and degenerative spinal disease: A systematic review |
| title_full | Smoking and degenerative spinal disease: A systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Smoking and degenerative spinal disease: A systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smoking and degenerative spinal disease: A systematic review |
| title_short | Smoking and degenerative spinal disease: A systematic review |
| title_sort | smoking and degenerative spinal disease a systematic review |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529422000571 |
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