Degradation Mechanism of Autophagy-Related Proteins and Research Progress
In all eukaryotes, autophagy is the main pathway for nutrient recycling, which encapsulates parts of the cytoplasm and organelles in double-membrane vesicles, and then fuses with lysosomes/vacuoles to degrade them. Autophagy is a highly dynamic and relatively complex process influenced by multiple f...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/13/7301 |
| _version_ | 1797479610851524608 |
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| author | Yanhui Zhou Hakim Manghwar Weiming Hu Fen Liu |
| author_facet | Yanhui Zhou Hakim Manghwar Weiming Hu Fen Liu |
| author_sort | Yanhui Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In all eukaryotes, autophagy is the main pathway for nutrient recycling, which encapsulates parts of the cytoplasm and organelles in double-membrane vesicles, and then fuses with lysosomes/vacuoles to degrade them. Autophagy is a highly dynamic and relatively complex process influenced by multiple factors. Under normal growth conditions, it is maintained at basal levels. However, when plants are subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses, such as pathogens, drought, waterlogging, nutrient deficiencies, etc., autophagy is activated to help cells to survive under stress conditions. At present, the regulation of autophagy is mainly reflected in hormones, second messengers, post-transcriptional regulation, and protein post-translational modification. In recent years, the degradation mechanism of autophagy-related proteins has attracted much attention. In this review, we have summarized how autophagy-related proteins are degraded in yeast, animals, and plants, which will help us to have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of the regulation mechanisms of autophagy. Moreover, research progress on the degradation of autophagy-related proteins in plants has been discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:48:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0c29a1edd7541a0a6fc46b59846cca2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:48:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0c29a1edd7541a0a6fc46b59846cca22023-11-23T20:11:31ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-06-012313730110.3390/ijms23137301Degradation Mechanism of Autophagy-Related Proteins and Research ProgressYanhui Zhou0Hakim Manghwar1Weiming Hu2Fen Liu3Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, ChinaLushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, ChinaLushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, ChinaLushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, ChinaIn all eukaryotes, autophagy is the main pathway for nutrient recycling, which encapsulates parts of the cytoplasm and organelles in double-membrane vesicles, and then fuses with lysosomes/vacuoles to degrade them. Autophagy is a highly dynamic and relatively complex process influenced by multiple factors. Under normal growth conditions, it is maintained at basal levels. However, when plants are subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses, such as pathogens, drought, waterlogging, nutrient deficiencies, etc., autophagy is activated to help cells to survive under stress conditions. At present, the regulation of autophagy is mainly reflected in hormones, second messengers, post-transcriptional regulation, and protein post-translational modification. In recent years, the degradation mechanism of autophagy-related proteins has attracted much attention. In this review, we have summarized how autophagy-related proteins are degraded in yeast, animals, and plants, which will help us to have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of the regulation mechanisms of autophagy. Moreover, research progress on the degradation of autophagy-related proteins in plants has been discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/13/7301autophagy-related proteindegradationubiquitinproteasomeautophagy |
| spellingShingle | Yanhui Zhou Hakim Manghwar Weiming Hu Fen Liu Degradation Mechanism of Autophagy-Related Proteins and Research Progress International Journal of Molecular Sciences autophagy-related protein degradation ubiquitin proteasome autophagy |
| title | Degradation Mechanism of Autophagy-Related Proteins and Research Progress |
| title_full | Degradation Mechanism of Autophagy-Related Proteins and Research Progress |
| title_fullStr | Degradation Mechanism of Autophagy-Related Proteins and Research Progress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Degradation Mechanism of Autophagy-Related Proteins and Research Progress |
| title_short | Degradation Mechanism of Autophagy-Related Proteins and Research Progress |
| title_sort | degradation mechanism of autophagy related proteins and research progress |
| topic | autophagy-related protein degradation ubiquitin proteasome autophagy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/13/7301 |
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