Decadal evolution of ship emissions in China from 2004 to 2013 by using an integrated AIS-based approach and projection to 2040
Ship emissions contribute significantly to air pollution and pose health risks to residents of coastal areas in China, but the current research remains incomplete and coarse due to data availability and inaccuracy in estimation methods. In this study, an integrated approach based on the Automati...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/6075/2018/acp-18-6075-2018.pdf |
| Summary: | Ship emissions contribute significantly to air pollution and pose health
risks to residents of coastal areas in China, but the current research
remains incomplete and coarse due to data availability and inaccuracy in
estimation methods. In this study, an integrated approach based on the
Automatic Identification System (AIS) was developed to address this problem.
This approach utilized detailed information from AIS and cargo turnover and
the vessel calling number information and is thereby capable of quantifying
sectoral contributions by fuel types and emissions from ports, rivers,
coastal traffic and over-the-horizon ship traffic. Based upon the established
methodology, ship emissions in China from 2004 to 2013 were estimated, and
those to 2040 at 5-year intervals under different control scenarios were
projected. Results showed that for the area within 200 nautical miles (Nm) of
the Chinese coast, SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>, CO, PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>,
hydrocarbon (HC), black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) emissions in 2013
were 1010, 1443, 118, 107, 87, 67, 29 and 21 kt yr<sup>−1</sup>, respectively,
which doubled over these 10 years. Ship sources contributed ∼ 10 %
to the total SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions in the coastal provinces of
China. Emissions from the proposed Domestic Emission Control Areas (DECAs)
within 12 Nm constituted approximately 40 % of the all ship emissions
along the Chinese coast, and this percentage would double when the DECA
boundary is extended to 100 Nm. Ship emissions in ports accounted for about
one-quarter of the total emissions within 200 Nm, within which nearly
80 % of the emissions were concentrated in the top 10 busiest ports of
China. SO<sub>2</sub> emissions could be reduced by 80 % in 2020 under a
0.5 % global sulfur cap policy. In comparison, a similar reduction of
NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions would require significant technological change and would
likely take several decades. This study provides solid scientific support for
ship emissions control policy making in China. It is suggested to investigate
and monitor the emissions from the shipping sector in more detail in the
future. |
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| ISSN: | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |