SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia
Abstract Background Heterogeneity of the population in relation to infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and host characteristics is likely reflected in the underlying SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. Methods We measured IgM, IgA, and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens in 1076 ad...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02547-2 |
| _version_ | 1828110812122710016 |
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| author | Marianna Karachaliou Gemma Moncunill Ana Espinosa Gemma Castaño-Vinyals Rocío Rubio Marta Vidal Alfons Jiménez Esther Prados Anna Carreras Beatriz Cortés Natàlia Blay Marc Bañuls Vanessa Pleguezuelos Natalia Rodrigo Melero Pau Serra Daniel Parras Luis Izquierdo Pere Santamaría Carlo Carolis Kyriaki Papantoniou Ximena Goldberg Ruth Aguilar Judith Garcia-Aymerich Rafael de Cid Manolis Kogevinas Carlota Dobaño |
| author_facet | Marianna Karachaliou Gemma Moncunill Ana Espinosa Gemma Castaño-Vinyals Rocío Rubio Marta Vidal Alfons Jiménez Esther Prados Anna Carreras Beatriz Cortés Natàlia Blay Marc Bañuls Vanessa Pleguezuelos Natalia Rodrigo Melero Pau Serra Daniel Parras Luis Izquierdo Pere Santamaría Carlo Carolis Kyriaki Papantoniou Ximena Goldberg Ruth Aguilar Judith Garcia-Aymerich Rafael de Cid Manolis Kogevinas Carlota Dobaño |
| author_sort | Marianna Karachaliou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Heterogeneity of the population in relation to infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and host characteristics is likely reflected in the underlying SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. Methods We measured IgM, IgA, and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens in 1076 adults of a cohort study in Catalonia between June and November 2020 and a second time between May and July 2021. Questionnaire data and electronic health records on vaccination and COVID-19 testing were available in both periods. Data on several lifestyle, health-related, and sociodemographic characteristics were also available. Results Antibody seroreversion occurred in 35.8% of the 64 participants non-vaccinated and infected almost a year ago and was related to asymptomatic infection, age above 60 years, and smoking. Moreover, the analysis on kinetics revealed that among all responses, IgG RBD, IgA RBD, and IgG S2 decreased less within 1 year after infection. Among vaccinated, 2.1% did not present antibodies at the time of testing and approximately 1% had breakthrough infections post-vaccination. In the post-vaccination era, IgM responses and those against nucleoprotein were much less prevalent. In previously infected individuals, vaccination boosted the immune response and there was a slight but statistically significant increase in responses after a 2nd compared to the 1st dose. Infected vaccinated participants had superior antibody levels across time compared to naïve-vaccinated people. mRNA vaccines and, particularly the Spikevax, induced higher antibodies after 1st and 2nd doses compared to Vaxzevria or Janssen COVID-19 vaccines. In multivariable regression analyses, antibody responses after vaccination were predicted by the type of vaccine, infection age, sex, smoking, and mental and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions Our data support that infected people would benefit from vaccination. Results also indicate that hybrid immunity results in superior antibody responses and infection-naïve people would need a booster dose earlier than previously infected people. Mental diseases are associated with less efficient responses to vaccination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:24:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0dca03d882e40fab8ed0042d19a05bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1741-7015 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:24:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0dca03d882e40fab8ed0042d19a05bf2022-12-22T04:26:21ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152022-09-0120111610.1186/s12916-022-02547-2SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in CataloniaMarianna Karachaliou0Gemma Moncunill1Ana Espinosa2Gemma Castaño-Vinyals3Rocío Rubio4Marta Vidal5Alfons Jiménez6Esther Prados7Anna Carreras8Beatriz Cortés9Natàlia Blay10Marc Bañuls11Vanessa Pleguezuelos12Natalia Rodrigo Melero13Pau Serra14Daniel Parras15Luis Izquierdo16Pere Santamaría17Carlo Carolis18Kyriaki Papantoniou19Ximena Goldberg20Ruth Aguilar21Judith Garcia-Aymerich22Rafael de Cid23Manolis Kogevinas24Carlota Dobaño25Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Genomes for Life-GCAT lab. Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)Genomes for Life-GCAT lab. Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)Genomes for Life-GCAT lab. Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST)Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of ViennaBarcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Genomes for Life-GCAT lab. Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Abstract Background Heterogeneity of the population in relation to infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and host characteristics is likely reflected in the underlying SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. Methods We measured IgM, IgA, and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens in 1076 adults of a cohort study in Catalonia between June and November 2020 and a second time between May and July 2021. Questionnaire data and electronic health records on vaccination and COVID-19 testing were available in both periods. Data on several lifestyle, health-related, and sociodemographic characteristics were also available. Results Antibody seroreversion occurred in 35.8% of the 64 participants non-vaccinated and infected almost a year ago and was related to asymptomatic infection, age above 60 years, and smoking. Moreover, the analysis on kinetics revealed that among all responses, IgG RBD, IgA RBD, and IgG S2 decreased less within 1 year after infection. Among vaccinated, 2.1% did not present antibodies at the time of testing and approximately 1% had breakthrough infections post-vaccination. In the post-vaccination era, IgM responses and those against nucleoprotein were much less prevalent. In previously infected individuals, vaccination boosted the immune response and there was a slight but statistically significant increase in responses after a 2nd compared to the 1st dose. Infected vaccinated participants had superior antibody levels across time compared to naïve-vaccinated people. mRNA vaccines and, particularly the Spikevax, induced higher antibodies after 1st and 2nd doses compared to Vaxzevria or Janssen COVID-19 vaccines. In multivariable regression analyses, antibody responses after vaccination were predicted by the type of vaccine, infection age, sex, smoking, and mental and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions Our data support that infected people would benefit from vaccination. Results also indicate that hybrid immunity results in superior antibody responses and infection-naïve people would need a booster dose earlier than previously infected people. Mental diseases are associated with less efficient responses to vaccination.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02547-2COVID-19 vaccinesSARS-CoV-2AntibodyKineticsDeterminantsAdults |
| spellingShingle | Marianna Karachaliou Gemma Moncunill Ana Espinosa Gemma Castaño-Vinyals Rocío Rubio Marta Vidal Alfons Jiménez Esther Prados Anna Carreras Beatriz Cortés Natàlia Blay Marc Bañuls Vanessa Pleguezuelos Natalia Rodrigo Melero Pau Serra Daniel Parras Luis Izquierdo Pere Santamaría Carlo Carolis Kyriaki Papantoniou Ximena Goldberg Ruth Aguilar Judith Garcia-Aymerich Rafael de Cid Manolis Kogevinas Carlota Dobaño SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia BMC Medicine COVID-19 vaccines SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Kinetics Determinants Adults |
| title | SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia |
| title_full | SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia |
| title_fullStr | SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia |
| title_full_unstemmed | SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia |
| title_short | SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia |
| title_sort | sars cov 2 infection vaccination and antibody response trajectories in adults a cohort study in catalonia |
| topic | COVID-19 vaccines SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Kinetics Determinants Adults |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02547-2 |
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