Absolute Calibration of the Chinese HY-2B Altimetric Mission with Fiducial Reference Measurement Standards
This research and collaboration work aims at the calibration and validation (Cal/Val) of the Chinese HY-2B satellite altimeter based upon two permanent Cal/Val facilities: (1) the China Altimetry Calibration Cooperation Plan in Qingdao, Bohai Sea and the Wanshan islands, China and (2) the permanent...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1393 |
| _version_ | 1797614465094516736 |
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| author | Stelios P. Mertikas Mingsen Lin Dimitrios Piretzidis Costas Kokolakis Craig Donlon Chaofei Ma Yufei Zhang Yongjun Jia Bo Mu Xenophon Frantzis Achilles Tripolitsiotis Lei Yang |
| author_facet | Stelios P. Mertikas Mingsen Lin Dimitrios Piretzidis Costas Kokolakis Craig Donlon Chaofei Ma Yufei Zhang Yongjun Jia Bo Mu Xenophon Frantzis Achilles Tripolitsiotis Lei Yang |
| author_sort | Stelios P. Mertikas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research and collaboration work aims at the calibration and validation (Cal/Val) of the Chinese HY-2B satellite altimeter based upon two permanent Cal/Val facilities: (1) the China Altimetry Calibration Cooperation Plan in Qingdao, Bohai Sea and the Wanshan islands, China and (2) the permanent facility for altimetry calibration established by the European Space Agency in Crete, Greece. The HY-2B satellite altimeter and its radiometer have been calibrated and monitored using uniform, standardized procedures, as well as protocols and best practices, and they also built upon trusted and indisputable reference standards at both Cal/Val infrastructures in Europe and China. The HY-2B altimeter is thus monitored in a coordinated, absolute, homogeneous, long-term and worldwide manner. Calibration of altimeters is accomplished by examining satellite observations in open seas against reference measurements. Comparisons are established through precise satellite positioning, water level observations, GPS buoys and reference models (geoid, mean dynamic topography, earth tides, troposphere and ionosphere), all defined at the Cal/Val sites. In this work, the final uncertainty for the altimeter bias will be attributed to several individual sources of uncertainty, coming from observations in water level, atmosphere, absolute positioning, reference surface models, transfer of heights from Cal/Val sites to satellite observations, etc. Through this project, the procedures, protocols and best practices, originally developed in the course of the ESA FRM4ALT project, are updated, upgraded and followed at both Cal/Val facilities in Europe and China. All in all, the HY-2B satellite altimeter observes the sea level quite well and within its specifications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:11:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b0f2d8db7b5947e5ba17c19dd8279c2e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:11:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-b0f2d8db7b5947e5ba17c19dd8279c2e2023-11-17T08:32:31ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-03-01155139310.3390/rs15051393Absolute Calibration of the Chinese HY-2B Altimetric Mission with Fiducial Reference Measurement StandardsStelios P. Mertikas0Mingsen Lin1Dimitrios Piretzidis2Costas Kokolakis3Craig Donlon4Chaofei Ma5Yufei Zhang6Yongjun Jia7Bo Mu8Xenophon Frantzis9Achilles Tripolitsiotis10Lei Yang11Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Lab, Technical University of Crete, Chania, GR-73100 Crete, GreeceNational Satellite Ocean Application Service, No.8, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100082, ChinaSpace Geomatica, Chania, GR-73100 Crete, GreeceGeodesy and Geomatics Engineering Lab, Technical University of Crete, Chania, GR-73100 Crete, Greece European Space Agency/European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The NetherlandsNational Satellite Ocean Application Service, No.8, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100082, ChinaNational Satellite Ocean Application Service, No.8, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100082, ChinaNational Satellite Ocean Application Service, No.8, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100082, ChinaNational Satellite Ocean Application Service, No.8, Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100082, ChinaGeodesy and Geomatics Engineering Lab, Technical University of Crete, Chania, GR-73100 Crete, GreeceSpace Geomatica, Chania, GR-73100 Crete, GreeceFirst Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaThis research and collaboration work aims at the calibration and validation (Cal/Val) of the Chinese HY-2B satellite altimeter based upon two permanent Cal/Val facilities: (1) the China Altimetry Calibration Cooperation Plan in Qingdao, Bohai Sea and the Wanshan islands, China and (2) the permanent facility for altimetry calibration established by the European Space Agency in Crete, Greece. The HY-2B satellite altimeter and its radiometer have been calibrated and monitored using uniform, standardized procedures, as well as protocols and best practices, and they also built upon trusted and indisputable reference standards at both Cal/Val infrastructures in Europe and China. The HY-2B altimeter is thus monitored in a coordinated, absolute, homogeneous, long-term and worldwide manner. Calibration of altimeters is accomplished by examining satellite observations in open seas against reference measurements. Comparisons are established through precise satellite positioning, water level observations, GPS buoys and reference models (geoid, mean dynamic topography, earth tides, troposphere and ionosphere), all defined at the Cal/Val sites. In this work, the final uncertainty for the altimeter bias will be attributed to several individual sources of uncertainty, coming from observations in water level, atmosphere, absolute positioning, reference surface models, transfer of heights from Cal/Val sites to satellite observations, etc. Through this project, the procedures, protocols and best practices, originally developed in the course of the ESA FRM4ALT project, are updated, upgraded and followed at both Cal/Val facilities in Europe and China. All in all, the HY-2B satellite altimeter observes the sea level quite well and within its specifications.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1393satellite altimetrycalibrationvalidationsea surfaceHY-2B altimeter |
| spellingShingle | Stelios P. Mertikas Mingsen Lin Dimitrios Piretzidis Costas Kokolakis Craig Donlon Chaofei Ma Yufei Zhang Yongjun Jia Bo Mu Xenophon Frantzis Achilles Tripolitsiotis Lei Yang Absolute Calibration of the Chinese HY-2B Altimetric Mission with Fiducial Reference Measurement Standards Remote Sensing satellite altimetry calibration validation sea surface HY-2B altimeter |
| title | Absolute Calibration of the Chinese HY-2B Altimetric Mission with Fiducial Reference Measurement Standards |
| title_full | Absolute Calibration of the Chinese HY-2B Altimetric Mission with Fiducial Reference Measurement Standards |
| title_fullStr | Absolute Calibration of the Chinese HY-2B Altimetric Mission with Fiducial Reference Measurement Standards |
| title_full_unstemmed | Absolute Calibration of the Chinese HY-2B Altimetric Mission with Fiducial Reference Measurement Standards |
| title_short | Absolute Calibration of the Chinese HY-2B Altimetric Mission with Fiducial Reference Measurement Standards |
| title_sort | absolute calibration of the chinese hy 2b altimetric mission with fiducial reference measurement standards |
| topic | satellite altimetry calibration validation sea surface HY-2B altimeter |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1393 |
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