The Effect of Yeast and Roughage Concentrate Ratio on Ruminal pH and Protozoal Population in Thai Native Beef Cattle
The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) adding and roughage-to-concentrate ratio (R:C ratio) on nutrients utilization, rumen fermentation efficiency, microbial protein synthesis, and protozoal population in Thai native beef c...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/1/53 |
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| author | Kampanat Phesatcha Burarat Phesatcha Metha Wanapat Anusorn Cherdthong |
| author_facet | Kampanat Phesatcha Burarat Phesatcha Metha Wanapat Anusorn Cherdthong |
| author_sort | Kampanat Phesatcha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) adding and roughage-to-concentrate ratio (R:C ratio) on nutrients utilization, rumen fermentation efficiency, microbial protein synthesis, and protozoal population in Thai native beef cattle. Four Thai native beef cattle, weighing an average of 120 ± 10 kg live weight, were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Factor A was the level of roughage-to-concentrate ratio (R:C ratio) at 60:40 and 40:60; factor B was the levels of live yeast (LY) supplementation at 0 and 4 g/hd/d; urea–calcium-hydroxide-treated rice straw were used as a roughage source. Findings revealed that total intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) were increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) by both factors, being greater for steers fed a R:C ratio of 40:60 supplemented with 4 g LY/hd/d. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), and propionate (C<sub>3</sub>) were increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at the R:C ratio of 40:60 with LY supplementation at 4 g/hd/d, whereas rumen acetate (C<sub>2</sub>) and the C<sub>2</sub> to C<sub>3</sub> ratio were decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). With a high level of concentrate, LY addition increased total bacterial direct counts and fungal zoospores (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but decreased protozoal populations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). High-concentrate diet and LY supplementation increased nitrogen absorption and the efficiency of microbial nitrogen protein production. In conclusion, feeding beef cattle with 4 g/hd/d LY at a R:C ratio of 40:60 increased C<sub>3</sub> and nutritional digestibility while lowering protozoal population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:51:33Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b102d37dda7242449162a4a7532c34f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:51:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-b102d37dda7242449162a4a7532c34f32023-11-23T11:05:05ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-12-011215310.3390/ani12010053The Effect of Yeast and Roughage Concentrate Ratio on Ruminal pH and Protozoal Population in Thai Native Beef CattleKampanat Phesatcha0Burarat Phesatcha1Metha Wanapat2Anusorn Cherdthong3Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, ThailandDepartment of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandTropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandTropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandThe objective of this research is to investigate the effect of yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) adding and roughage-to-concentrate ratio (R:C ratio) on nutrients utilization, rumen fermentation efficiency, microbial protein synthesis, and protozoal population in Thai native beef cattle. Four Thai native beef cattle, weighing an average of 120 ± 10 kg live weight, were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Factor A was the level of roughage-to-concentrate ratio (R:C ratio) at 60:40 and 40:60; factor B was the levels of live yeast (LY) supplementation at 0 and 4 g/hd/d; urea–calcium-hydroxide-treated rice straw were used as a roughage source. Findings revealed that total intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) were increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) by both factors, being greater for steers fed a R:C ratio of 40:60 supplemented with 4 g LY/hd/d. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), and propionate (C<sub>3</sub>) were increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at the R:C ratio of 40:60 with LY supplementation at 4 g/hd/d, whereas rumen acetate (C<sub>2</sub>) and the C<sub>2</sub> to C<sub>3</sub> ratio were decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). With a high level of concentrate, LY addition increased total bacterial direct counts and fungal zoospores (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but decreased protozoal populations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). High-concentrate diet and LY supplementation increased nitrogen absorption and the efficiency of microbial nitrogen protein production. In conclusion, feeding beef cattle with 4 g/hd/d LY at a R:C ratio of 40:60 increased C<sub>3</sub> and nutritional digestibility while lowering protozoal population.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/1/53beef cattleyeast additionrumen fermentationfeed digestibility |
| spellingShingle | Kampanat Phesatcha Burarat Phesatcha Metha Wanapat Anusorn Cherdthong The Effect of Yeast and Roughage Concentrate Ratio on Ruminal pH and Protozoal Population in Thai Native Beef Cattle Animals beef cattle yeast addition rumen fermentation feed digestibility |
| title | The Effect of Yeast and Roughage Concentrate Ratio on Ruminal pH and Protozoal Population in Thai Native Beef Cattle |
| title_full | The Effect of Yeast and Roughage Concentrate Ratio on Ruminal pH and Protozoal Population in Thai Native Beef Cattle |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Yeast and Roughage Concentrate Ratio on Ruminal pH and Protozoal Population in Thai Native Beef Cattle |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Yeast and Roughage Concentrate Ratio on Ruminal pH and Protozoal Population in Thai Native Beef Cattle |
| title_short | The Effect of Yeast and Roughage Concentrate Ratio on Ruminal pH and Protozoal Population in Thai Native Beef Cattle |
| title_sort | effect of yeast and roughage concentrate ratio on ruminal ph and protozoal population in thai native beef cattle |
| topic | beef cattle yeast addition rumen fermentation feed digestibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/1/53 |
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