Seasonality, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Limonene/δ-3-Carene/(<i>E</i>)-Caryophyllene <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Essential Oil Chemotype from the Brazilian Amazon: A Chemometric Approach
<i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Raddi is widely used in traditional Brazilian medicine to treat respiratory diseases, as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and hemostatic agent. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of climatic parameters on the yield, antioxidative capacity, and chem...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| author | Bruna de Araújo Guimarães Renata Cunha Silva Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade William N. Setzer Joyce Kelly da Silva Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo |
| author_facet | Bruna de Araújo Guimarães Renata Cunha Silva Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade William N. Setzer Joyce Kelly da Silva Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo |
| author_sort | Bruna de Araújo Guimarães |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Raddi is widely used in traditional Brazilian medicine to treat respiratory diseases, as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and hemostatic agent. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of climatic parameters on the yield, antioxidative capacity, and chemical composition of the <i>S. terebinthifolia</i> leaf essential oil. The specimen was collected monthly from October 2021 to September 2022. Leaf essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation, and their chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Statistical analyses were performed to verify the climatic influences on the yields, chemical composition, and antioxidative capacity. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging and inhibition of β-carotene/linoleic acid oxidation assays were performed to assess the antioxidant activity. The leaf essential oil yields ranged from 0.1% (July) to 0.7% (May and September), averaging 0.5 ± 0.2%. There was no significant difference in essential oil production during the dry (0.4 ± 0.2%) and rainy (0.6 ± 0.1%) seasons. The main chemical constituents identified in essential oils were limonene (11.42–56.24%), δ-3-carene (8.70–33.16%) and (<i>E</i>)-caryophyllene (4.10–24.98%). The limonene annual average was 43.57 ± 12.74% and showed no statistical difference during the dry (40.53 ± 13.38%) and rainy (52.68 ± 3.27%) seasons. Likewise, the annual average of δ-3-carene was 22.55 ± 7.11%, displaying no statistical difference between dry (26.35 ± 7.90%) and rainy (31.14 ± 1.63%) seasons. The annual average of (<i>E</i>)-caryophyllene was 11.07 ± 7.15% and this constituent did not show a statistical difference in Tukey’s test (<i>p</i> > 0.05) during the dry (12.72 ± 7.56%) and rainy (6.10 ± 1.78%) season. Limonene showed a moderate positive and significant correlation (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with precipitation (r = 0.56) and a weak correlation with temperature (r = −0.40), humidity (r = 0.40), and insolation (r = −0.44). All samples inhibited the oxidation in the β-carotene/linoleic acid system (22.78–44.15%) but displayed no activity in the DPPH method. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:31:36Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:31:36Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b1057934730a49e4815e3eea4b44608c2023-11-18T17:18:19ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-06-011213249710.3390/plants12132497Seasonality, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Limonene/δ-3-Carene/(<i>E</i>)-Caryophyllene <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Essential Oil Chemotype from the Brazilian Amazon: A Chemometric ApproachBruna de Araújo Guimarães0Renata Cunha Silva1Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade2William N. Setzer3Joyce Kelly da Silva4Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo5Laboratório de Química dos Produtos Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66087-670, BrazilLaboratório de Morfofisiologia Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66087-670, BrazilLaboratório Adolpho Ducke, Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém 66077-830, BrazilAromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USAAromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USALaboratório de Química dos Produtos Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66087-670, Brazil<i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Raddi is widely used in traditional Brazilian medicine to treat respiratory diseases, as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and hemostatic agent. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of climatic parameters on the yield, antioxidative capacity, and chemical composition of the <i>S. terebinthifolia</i> leaf essential oil. The specimen was collected monthly from October 2021 to September 2022. Leaf essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation, and their chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Statistical analyses were performed to verify the climatic influences on the yields, chemical composition, and antioxidative capacity. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging and inhibition of β-carotene/linoleic acid oxidation assays were performed to assess the antioxidant activity. The leaf essential oil yields ranged from 0.1% (July) to 0.7% (May and September), averaging 0.5 ± 0.2%. There was no significant difference in essential oil production during the dry (0.4 ± 0.2%) and rainy (0.6 ± 0.1%) seasons. The main chemical constituents identified in essential oils were limonene (11.42–56.24%), δ-3-carene (8.70–33.16%) and (<i>E</i>)-caryophyllene (4.10–24.98%). The limonene annual average was 43.57 ± 12.74% and showed no statistical difference during the dry (40.53 ± 13.38%) and rainy (52.68 ± 3.27%) seasons. Likewise, the annual average of δ-3-carene was 22.55 ± 7.11%, displaying no statistical difference between dry (26.35 ± 7.90%) and rainy (31.14 ± 1.63%) seasons. The annual average of (<i>E</i>)-caryophyllene was 11.07 ± 7.15% and this constituent did not show a statistical difference in Tukey’s test (<i>p</i> > 0.05) during the dry (12.72 ± 7.56%) and rainy (6.10 ± 1.78%) season. Limonene showed a moderate positive and significant correlation (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with precipitation (r = 0.56) and a weak correlation with temperature (r = −0.40), humidity (r = 0.40), and insolation (r = −0.44). All samples inhibited the oxidation in the β-carotene/linoleic acid system (22.78–44.15%) but displayed no activity in the DPPH method.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/13/2497Brazilian pepperchemical variabilityAnacardiaceaevolatileschemometricsDPPH |
| spellingShingle | Bruna de Araújo Guimarães Renata Cunha Silva Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade William N. Setzer Joyce Kelly da Silva Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo Seasonality, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Limonene/δ-3-Carene/(<i>E</i>)-Caryophyllene <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Essential Oil Chemotype from the Brazilian Amazon: A Chemometric Approach Plants Brazilian pepper chemical variability Anacardiaceae volatiles chemometrics DPPH |
| title | Seasonality, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Limonene/δ-3-Carene/(<i>E</i>)-Caryophyllene <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Essential Oil Chemotype from the Brazilian Amazon: A Chemometric Approach |
| title_full | Seasonality, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Limonene/δ-3-Carene/(<i>E</i>)-Caryophyllene <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Essential Oil Chemotype from the Brazilian Amazon: A Chemometric Approach |
| title_fullStr | Seasonality, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Limonene/δ-3-Carene/(<i>E</i>)-Caryophyllene <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Essential Oil Chemotype from the Brazilian Amazon: A Chemometric Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonality, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Limonene/δ-3-Carene/(<i>E</i>)-Caryophyllene <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Essential Oil Chemotype from the Brazilian Amazon: A Chemometric Approach |
| title_short | Seasonality, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Limonene/δ-3-Carene/(<i>E</i>)-Caryophyllene <i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i> Essential Oil Chemotype from the Brazilian Amazon: A Chemometric Approach |
| title_sort | seasonality composition and antioxidant capacity of limonene δ 3 carene i e i caryophyllene i schinus terebinthifolia i essential oil chemotype from the brazilian amazon a chemometric approach |
| topic | Brazilian pepper chemical variability Anacardiaceae volatiles chemometrics DPPH |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/13/2497 |
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