Differential Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Duckweed Clones from Saudi Arabia to Salinity
Salinity affects the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of several plant species. The current study was conducted to investigate differential salt tolerance potentials among ten duckweed clones under different salt-stress conditions. Morphological and physiological paramet...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3206 |
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| author | Mohammed Al-Dakhil Walid Ben Romdhane Salem Alghamdi Ahmed Abdelrahim Mohamed Ali |
| author_facet | Mohammed Al-Dakhil Walid Ben Romdhane Salem Alghamdi Ahmed Abdelrahim Mohamed Ali |
| author_sort | Mohammed Al-Dakhil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salinity affects the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of several plant species. The current study was conducted to investigate differential salt tolerance potentials among ten duckweed clones under different salt-stress conditions. Morphological and physiological parameters, including fronds length, fronds number, root length, root number, Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>, chlorophyll, proline contents, and fresh harvest weight, were recorded for each of the ten duckweed clones collected from different Saudi Arabia regions. Additionally, the expression patterns of seven salt-related genes were monitored in a salt-tolerant duckweed genotype. The results show that the Madinah-2 (<i>Spirodela polyryiza</i>) and Al-Qassim (<i>Landoltia punctata</i>) clones presented higher performances for all the tested morphological and physiological parameters compared to other genotypes under salt-stress conditions. At concentrations greater than 150 mM NaCl, these aforementioned traits were affected for all the genotypes tested, except Madinah-2 (<i>S. polyryiza</i>) and Al-Qassim (<i>L. punctata</i>) clones, both of which exhibited high tolerance behavior under high salt conditions (200 mM and 250 mM NaCl). The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first five principal components accounted for 94.8% of the total variance among the studied traits. Morphological and physiological traits are the major portions of PC1. Moreover, the expression pattern analysis of <i>NHX</i>, <i>BZIP</i>, <i>ST</i>, and <i>KTrans</i> transcript revealed their upregulation in the Al-Qassim clone under salt-stress conditions, suggesting that these genes play a role in this clone’s tolerance to salt-induced stress. Overall, this study indicates that the Al-Qassim clone could be used in a brackish-water duckweed-based treatment program with a simultaneous provision of valuable plant biomass. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:13:37Z |
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| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:13:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-b10aa9d10f9147629037f0bf80459efa2023-11-19T12:31:35ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-09-011218320610.3390/plants12183206Differential Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Duckweed Clones from Saudi Arabia to SalinityMohammed Al-Dakhil0Walid Ben Romdhane1Salem Alghamdi2Ahmed Abdelrahim Mohamed Ali3Advanced Agricultural and Food Technologies Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaNational Research and Development Center for Sustainable Agriculture (Estidamah), Riyadh 11422, Saudi ArabiaSalinity affects the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of several plant species. The current study was conducted to investigate differential salt tolerance potentials among ten duckweed clones under different salt-stress conditions. Morphological and physiological parameters, including fronds length, fronds number, root length, root number, Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>, chlorophyll, proline contents, and fresh harvest weight, were recorded for each of the ten duckweed clones collected from different Saudi Arabia regions. Additionally, the expression patterns of seven salt-related genes were monitored in a salt-tolerant duckweed genotype. The results show that the Madinah-2 (<i>Spirodela polyryiza</i>) and Al-Qassim (<i>Landoltia punctata</i>) clones presented higher performances for all the tested morphological and physiological parameters compared to other genotypes under salt-stress conditions. At concentrations greater than 150 mM NaCl, these aforementioned traits were affected for all the genotypes tested, except Madinah-2 (<i>S. polyryiza</i>) and Al-Qassim (<i>L. punctata</i>) clones, both of which exhibited high tolerance behavior under high salt conditions (200 mM and 250 mM NaCl). The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first five principal components accounted for 94.8% of the total variance among the studied traits. Morphological and physiological traits are the major portions of PC1. Moreover, the expression pattern analysis of <i>NHX</i>, <i>BZIP</i>, <i>ST</i>, and <i>KTrans</i> transcript revealed their upregulation in the Al-Qassim clone under salt-stress conditions, suggesting that these genes play a role in this clone’s tolerance to salt-induced stress. Overall, this study indicates that the Al-Qassim clone could be used in a brackish-water duckweed-based treatment program with a simultaneous provision of valuable plant biomass.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3206aquatic plantssalt-stress tolerancemolecular analysisgene expressionion homeostasis |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed Al-Dakhil Walid Ben Romdhane Salem Alghamdi Ahmed Abdelrahim Mohamed Ali Differential Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Duckweed Clones from Saudi Arabia to Salinity Plants aquatic plants salt-stress tolerance molecular analysis gene expression ion homeostasis |
| title | Differential Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Duckweed Clones from Saudi Arabia to Salinity |
| title_full | Differential Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Duckweed Clones from Saudi Arabia to Salinity |
| title_fullStr | Differential Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Duckweed Clones from Saudi Arabia to Salinity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Duckweed Clones from Saudi Arabia to Salinity |
| title_short | Differential Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Duckweed Clones from Saudi Arabia to Salinity |
| title_sort | differential morpho physiological and biochemical responses of duckweed clones from saudi arabia to salinity |
| topic | aquatic plants salt-stress tolerance molecular analysis gene expression ion homeostasis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3206 |
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