Processing High-Solid and High-Ammonia Rich Manures in a Two-Stage (Liquid-Solid) Low-Temperature Anaerobic Digestion Process: <i>Start-Up and Operating Strategies</i>
Globally, livestock and poultry production leads to total emissions of 7.1 Gigatonnes of CO<sub>2</sub>-equiv per year, representing 14.5% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the sustainable approaches to generate methane (CH<sub>4</...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/7/3/80 |
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| author | Prativa Mahato Bernard Goyette Md. Saifur Rahaman Rajinikanth Rajagopal |
| author_facet | Prativa Mahato Bernard Goyette Md. Saifur Rahaman Rajinikanth Rajagopal |
| author_sort | Prativa Mahato |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Globally, livestock and poultry production leads to total emissions of 7.1 Gigatonnes of CO<sub>2</sub>-equiv per year, representing 14.5% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the sustainable approaches to generate methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) from manure, but the risk of ammonia inhibition in high-solids AD can limit the process. Our objective was to develop a two-stage (liquid–solid) AD biotechnology, treating chicken (CM) + dairy cow (DM) manure mixtures at 20 °C using adapted liquid inoculum that could make livestock farming more sustainable. The effect of organic loading rates (OLR), cycle length, and the mode of operation (particularly liquid inoculum recirculation-percolation mode) was evaluated in a two-stage closed-loop system. After the inoculum adaptation phase, aforementioned two-stage batch-mode AD operation was conducted for the co-digestion of CM + DM (Total Solids (TS): 48–51% and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN): 13.5 g/L) at an OLR of 3.7–4.7 gVS/L.d. Two cycles of different cycle lengths (112-d and 78-d for cycles 1 and 2, respectively) were operated with a CM:DM mix ratio of 1:1 (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) based on a fresh weight basis. Specific methane yield (SMY) of 0.35 ± 0.11 L CH<sub>4</sub>g/VS<sub>fed</sub> was obtained with a CH<sub>4</sub> concentration of above 60% for both the cycles and Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODs) and volatile solid (VS) reductions up to 85% and 60%, respectively. For a comparison purpose, a similar batch-mode operation was conducted for mono-digestion of CM (TS: 65–73% and TKN: 21–23 g/L), which resulted in a SMY of 0.52 ± 0.13 L CH<sub>4</sub>g/VS<sub>fed</sub>. In terms of efficiency towards methane-rich biogas production and ammonia inhibitions, CM + DM co-digestion showed comparatively better quality methane and generated lower free ammonia than CM mono-digestion. Further study is underway to optimize the operating parameters for the co-digestion process and to overcome inhibitions and high energy demand, especially for cold countries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:13:18Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b10bcffcffa24513bab706b857b95503 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:13:18Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b10bcffcffa24513bab706b857b955032023-11-20T07:57:55ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542020-07-01738010.3390/bioengineering7030080Processing High-Solid and High-Ammonia Rich Manures in a Two-Stage (Liquid-Solid) Low-Temperature Anaerobic Digestion Process: <i>Start-Up and Operating Strategies</i>Prativa Mahato0Bernard Goyette1Md. Saifur Rahaman2Rajinikanth Rajagopal3Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, CanadaSherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, CanadaDepartment of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, CanadaSherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, CanadaGlobally, livestock and poultry production leads to total emissions of 7.1 Gigatonnes of CO<sub>2</sub>-equiv per year, representing 14.5% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the sustainable approaches to generate methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) from manure, but the risk of ammonia inhibition in high-solids AD can limit the process. Our objective was to develop a two-stage (liquid–solid) AD biotechnology, treating chicken (CM) + dairy cow (DM) manure mixtures at 20 °C using adapted liquid inoculum that could make livestock farming more sustainable. The effect of organic loading rates (OLR), cycle length, and the mode of operation (particularly liquid inoculum recirculation-percolation mode) was evaluated in a two-stage closed-loop system. After the inoculum adaptation phase, aforementioned two-stage batch-mode AD operation was conducted for the co-digestion of CM + DM (Total Solids (TS): 48–51% and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN): 13.5 g/L) at an OLR of 3.7–4.7 gVS/L.d. Two cycles of different cycle lengths (112-d and 78-d for cycles 1 and 2, respectively) were operated with a CM:DM mix ratio of 1:1 (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) based on a fresh weight basis. Specific methane yield (SMY) of 0.35 ± 0.11 L CH<sub>4</sub>g/VS<sub>fed</sub> was obtained with a CH<sub>4</sub> concentration of above 60% for both the cycles and Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODs) and volatile solid (VS) reductions up to 85% and 60%, respectively. For a comparison purpose, a similar batch-mode operation was conducted for mono-digestion of CM (TS: 65–73% and TKN: 21–23 g/L), which resulted in a SMY of 0.52 ± 0.13 L CH<sub>4</sub>g/VS<sub>fed</sub>. In terms of efficiency towards methane-rich biogas production and ammonia inhibitions, CM + DM co-digestion showed comparatively better quality methane and generated lower free ammonia than CM mono-digestion. Further study is underway to optimize the operating parameters for the co-digestion process and to overcome inhibitions and high energy demand, especially for cold countries.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/7/3/80ammonia inhibitionchicken manuredairy cow manurehigh-solids anaerobic digestioninoculum adaptationvolatile fatty acids |
| spellingShingle | Prativa Mahato Bernard Goyette Md. Saifur Rahaman Rajinikanth Rajagopal Processing High-Solid and High-Ammonia Rich Manures in a Two-Stage (Liquid-Solid) Low-Temperature Anaerobic Digestion Process: <i>Start-Up and Operating Strategies</i> Bioengineering ammonia inhibition chicken manure dairy cow manure high-solids anaerobic digestion inoculum adaptation volatile fatty acids |
| title | Processing High-Solid and High-Ammonia Rich Manures in a Two-Stage (Liquid-Solid) Low-Temperature Anaerobic Digestion Process: <i>Start-Up and Operating Strategies</i> |
| title_full | Processing High-Solid and High-Ammonia Rich Manures in a Two-Stage (Liquid-Solid) Low-Temperature Anaerobic Digestion Process: <i>Start-Up and Operating Strategies</i> |
| title_fullStr | Processing High-Solid and High-Ammonia Rich Manures in a Two-Stage (Liquid-Solid) Low-Temperature Anaerobic Digestion Process: <i>Start-Up and Operating Strategies</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Processing High-Solid and High-Ammonia Rich Manures in a Two-Stage (Liquid-Solid) Low-Temperature Anaerobic Digestion Process: <i>Start-Up and Operating Strategies</i> |
| title_short | Processing High-Solid and High-Ammonia Rich Manures in a Two-Stage (Liquid-Solid) Low-Temperature Anaerobic Digestion Process: <i>Start-Up and Operating Strategies</i> |
| title_sort | processing high solid and high ammonia rich manures in a two stage liquid solid low temperature anaerobic digestion process i start up and operating strategies i |
| topic | ammonia inhibition chicken manure dairy cow manure high-solids anaerobic digestion inoculum adaptation volatile fatty acids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/7/3/80 |
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