Relationship between oxygen supply and cerebral blood flow assessed by transcranial Doppler and near – infrared spectroscopy in healthy subjects during breath – holding
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Breath – holding (BH) is a suitable method for inducing cerebral vasomotor reactivity (VMR). The assessment of VMR is of clinical importance for the early detection of risk conditions and for the follow-up of disabled patients. Trans...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2006-07-01
|
| Series: | Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation |
| Online Access: | http://www.jneuroengrehab.com/content/3/1/16 |
| _version_ | 1811277148036530176 |
|---|---|
| author | Grippi Gianfranco Liboni William Molinari Filippo Negri Emanuela |
| author_facet | Grippi Gianfranco Liboni William Molinari Filippo Negri Emanuela |
| author_sort | Grippi Gianfranco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Breath – holding (BH) is a suitable method for inducing cerebral vasomotor reactivity (VMR). The assessment of VMR is of clinical importance for the early detection of risk conditions and for the follow-up of disabled patients. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) is used to measure cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) during BH, whereas near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measures the concentrations of the oxygenated (<it>O</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb</it>) and reduced (<it>CO</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb</it>) hemoglobin. The two techniques provide circulatory and functional-related parameters. The aim of the study is the analysis of the relationship between oxygen supply and CBFV as detected by TCD and NIRS in healthy subjects performing BH.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>20 healthy subjects (15 males and 5 females, age 33 ± 4.5 years) underwent TCD and NIRS examination during voluntary breath – holding. VMR was quantified by means of the breath-holding index (BHI). We evaluated the BHI based on mean CBFV, <it>O</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>and <it>CO</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>concentrations, relating the baseline to post-stimulus values. To quantify VMR we also computed the slope of the linear regression line of the concentration signals during BH. From the NIRS signals we also derived the bidimensional representation of VMR, plotting the instantaneous <it>O</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>concentration vs the <it>CO</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>concentration during the BH phase. Two subjects, a 30 years old current smoker female and a 63 years old male with a ischemic stroke event at the left middle cerebral artery, were tested as case studies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The BHI for the CBFV was equal to 1.28 ± 0.71 %/s, the BHI for the <it>O</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>to 0.055 ± 0.037 <it>μ</it>mol/l/s and the BHI for <it>CO</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>to 0.0006 ± 0.0019 <it>μ</it>mol/l/s, the <it>O</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>slope was equal to 0.15 ± 0.09 <it>μ</it>mol/l/s and the <it>CO</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>slope to 0.09 ± 0.04 <it>μ</it>mol/l/s. There was a positive correlation between the CBFV and the <it>O</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>increments during BH (<it>r </it>= 0.865). The bidimensional VMR pattern shows common features among healthy subjects that are lost in the control studies.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We show that healthy subjects present a common VMR pattern when counteracting cerebral blood flow perturbations induced by voluntary BH. The proposed methodology allows for the monitoring of changes in the VMR pattern, hence it could be used for assessing the efficacy of neurorehabilitation protocols.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:11:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b10c81dba2cb4f239cd954f403f1ef3c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1743-0003 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:11:37Z |
| publishDate | 2006-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation |
| spelling | doaj.art-b10c81dba2cb4f239cd954f403f1ef3c2022-12-22T03:11:05ZengBMCJournal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation1743-00032006-07-01311610.1186/1743-0003-3-16Relationship between oxygen supply and cerebral blood flow assessed by transcranial Doppler and near – infrared spectroscopy in healthy subjects during breath – holdingGrippi GianfrancoLiboni WilliamMolinari FilippoNegri Emanuela<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Breath – holding (BH) is a suitable method for inducing cerebral vasomotor reactivity (VMR). The assessment of VMR is of clinical importance for the early detection of risk conditions and for the follow-up of disabled patients. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) is used to measure cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) during BH, whereas near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measures the concentrations of the oxygenated (<it>O</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb</it>) and reduced (<it>CO</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb</it>) hemoglobin. The two techniques provide circulatory and functional-related parameters. The aim of the study is the analysis of the relationship between oxygen supply and CBFV as detected by TCD and NIRS in healthy subjects performing BH.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>20 healthy subjects (15 males and 5 females, age 33 ± 4.5 years) underwent TCD and NIRS examination during voluntary breath – holding. VMR was quantified by means of the breath-holding index (BHI). We evaluated the BHI based on mean CBFV, <it>O</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>and <it>CO</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>concentrations, relating the baseline to post-stimulus values. To quantify VMR we also computed the slope of the linear regression line of the concentration signals during BH. From the NIRS signals we also derived the bidimensional representation of VMR, plotting the instantaneous <it>O</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>concentration vs the <it>CO</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>concentration during the BH phase. Two subjects, a 30 years old current smoker female and a 63 years old male with a ischemic stroke event at the left middle cerebral artery, were tested as case studies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The BHI for the CBFV was equal to 1.28 ± 0.71 %/s, the BHI for the <it>O</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>to 0.055 ± 0.037 <it>μ</it>mol/l/s and the BHI for <it>CO</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>to 0.0006 ± 0.0019 <it>μ</it>mol/l/s, the <it>O</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>slope was equal to 0.15 ± 0.09 <it>μ</it>mol/l/s and the <it>CO</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>slope to 0.09 ± 0.04 <it>μ</it>mol/l/s. There was a positive correlation between the CBFV and the <it>O</it><sub>2</sub><it>Hb </it>increments during BH (<it>r </it>= 0.865). The bidimensional VMR pattern shows common features among healthy subjects that are lost in the control studies.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We show that healthy subjects present a common VMR pattern when counteracting cerebral blood flow perturbations induced by voluntary BH. The proposed methodology allows for the monitoring of changes in the VMR pattern, hence it could be used for assessing the efficacy of neurorehabilitation protocols.</p>http://www.jneuroengrehab.com/content/3/1/16 |
| spellingShingle | Grippi Gianfranco Liboni William Molinari Filippo Negri Emanuela Relationship between oxygen supply and cerebral blood flow assessed by transcranial Doppler and near – infrared spectroscopy in healthy subjects during breath – holding Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation |
| title | Relationship between oxygen supply and cerebral blood flow assessed by transcranial Doppler and near – infrared spectroscopy in healthy subjects during breath – holding |
| title_full | Relationship between oxygen supply and cerebral blood flow assessed by transcranial Doppler and near – infrared spectroscopy in healthy subjects during breath – holding |
| title_fullStr | Relationship between oxygen supply and cerebral blood flow assessed by transcranial Doppler and near – infrared spectroscopy in healthy subjects during breath – holding |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationship between oxygen supply and cerebral blood flow assessed by transcranial Doppler and near – infrared spectroscopy in healthy subjects during breath – holding |
| title_short | Relationship between oxygen supply and cerebral blood flow assessed by transcranial Doppler and near – infrared spectroscopy in healthy subjects during breath – holding |
| title_sort | relationship between oxygen supply and cerebral blood flow assessed by transcranial doppler and near infrared spectroscopy in healthy subjects during breath holding |
| url | http://www.jneuroengrehab.com/content/3/1/16 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT grippigianfranco relationshipbetweenoxygensupplyandcerebralbloodflowassessedbytranscranialdopplerandnearinfraredspectroscopyinhealthysubjectsduringbreathholding AT liboniwilliam relationshipbetweenoxygensupplyandcerebralbloodflowassessedbytranscranialdopplerandnearinfraredspectroscopyinhealthysubjectsduringbreathholding AT molinarifilippo relationshipbetweenoxygensupplyandcerebralbloodflowassessedbytranscranialdopplerandnearinfraredspectroscopyinhealthysubjectsduringbreathholding AT negriemanuela relationshipbetweenoxygensupplyandcerebralbloodflowassessedbytranscranialdopplerandnearinfraredspectroscopyinhealthysubjectsduringbreathholding |