Structural and Luminescence Properties of (Gd<sub>1−x</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Powders Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> Ions for Temperature Measurements
Rare earth activated powders are widely regarded as promising candidates for optical thermometry due to their unique photoluminescence characteristics. The paper presents the structural and luminescent properties of crystalline powders of gadolinium and yttrium oxides (Gd<sub>1−x</sub>Y&...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Ceramics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/5/4/84 |
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| author | Vladimir Aseev Anastasiia Babkina Sergey Evstropiev Natalia Kuzmenko Irina Sevastianova Denis Prokuratov Mikhail Khodasevich |
| author_facet | Vladimir Aseev Anastasiia Babkina Sergey Evstropiev Natalia Kuzmenko Irina Sevastianova Denis Prokuratov Mikhail Khodasevich |
| author_sort | Vladimir Aseev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rare earth activated powders are widely regarded as promising candidates for optical thermometry due to their unique photoluminescence characteristics. The paper presents the structural and luminescent properties of crystalline powders of gadolinium and yttrium oxides (Gd<sub>1−x</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> ions, synthesized by the liquid polymer-salt method. The addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone increases the homogeneity of the mixture and ensures high adhesion of the resulting powders. Scanning electron microscopy shows that powders are μm-sized aggregates, which consist of particles with several tens of nanometers in size. A smooth shift of the diffraction peaks of the powders occurs when Gd is replaced by Y without additional peaks. The successive decrease in the lattice constant of the powders from 10.816 to 10.607 Å confirms the existence of continuous solid solutions in the system. The Stark sublevels of the <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>9/2</sub> fluorescent band are shifted to 4 nm when Gd is replaced by Y since the strength of the local field has a stronger effect on the inner F-shell of Nd ions in the case of Y. For thermometry, we chose the ratio of the fluorescence intensities between the Stark sublevels <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2(2)</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>9/2(2)</sub> and <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2(1)</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>9/2(2)</sub>. The best obtained sensitivity is 0.22% °C<sup>−1</sup> for Nd-doped GdYO<sub>3</sub> powder in the range of 10–70 °C. This value of temperature sensitivity, together with radiation and excitation lying in the biological window, opens the possibility of using Nd<sup>3+</sup>-doped (Gd<sub>1−x</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powders for real-time thermal probing of under tissue luminescence with sub-degree resolution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:12:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b113b32e17814ca9ac74ae8cff59a127 |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:12:37Z |
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| series | Ceramics |
| spelling | doaj.art-b113b32e17814ca9ac74ae8cff59a1272023-11-24T13:57:10ZengMDPI AGCeramics2571-61312022-12-01541185119710.3390/ceramics5040084Structural and Luminescence Properties of (Gd<sub>1−x</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Powders Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> Ions for Temperature MeasurementsVladimir Aseev0Anastasiia Babkina1Sergey Evstropiev2Natalia Kuzmenko3Irina Sevastianova4Denis Prokuratov5Mikhail Khodasevich6Faculty of Photonics, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, RussiaFaculty of Photonics, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, RussiaFaculty of Photonics, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, RussiaFaculty of Photonics, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, RussiaFaculty of Photonics, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Scientific and Technological Authentication of Works of Art, The State Hermitage Museum, 190000 St. Petersburg, RussiaCenter “Diagnostic System”, B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, 220072 Minsk, BelarusRare earth activated powders are widely regarded as promising candidates for optical thermometry due to their unique photoluminescence characteristics. The paper presents the structural and luminescent properties of crystalline powders of gadolinium and yttrium oxides (Gd<sub>1−x</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> ions, synthesized by the liquid polymer-salt method. The addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone increases the homogeneity of the mixture and ensures high adhesion of the resulting powders. Scanning electron microscopy shows that powders are μm-sized aggregates, which consist of particles with several tens of nanometers in size. A smooth shift of the diffraction peaks of the powders occurs when Gd is replaced by Y without additional peaks. The successive decrease in the lattice constant of the powders from 10.816 to 10.607 Å confirms the existence of continuous solid solutions in the system. The Stark sublevels of the <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>9/2</sub> fluorescent band are shifted to 4 nm when Gd is replaced by Y since the strength of the local field has a stronger effect on the inner F-shell of Nd ions in the case of Y. For thermometry, we chose the ratio of the fluorescence intensities between the Stark sublevels <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2(2)</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>9/2(2)</sub> and <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2(1)</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>9/2(2)</sub>. The best obtained sensitivity is 0.22% °C<sup>−1</sup> for Nd-doped GdYO<sub>3</sub> powder in the range of 10–70 °C. This value of temperature sensitivity, together with radiation and excitation lying in the biological window, opens the possibility of using Nd<sup>3+</sup>-doped (Gd<sub>1−x</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powders for real-time thermal probing of under tissue luminescence with sub-degree resolution.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/5/4/84fluorescence thermometryneodymium doped crystalline powderrelative thermal sensitivityfluorescence intensity ratiobiological windows |
| spellingShingle | Vladimir Aseev Anastasiia Babkina Sergey Evstropiev Natalia Kuzmenko Irina Sevastianova Denis Prokuratov Mikhail Khodasevich Structural and Luminescence Properties of (Gd<sub>1−x</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Powders Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> Ions for Temperature Measurements Ceramics fluorescence thermometry neodymium doped crystalline powder relative thermal sensitivity fluorescence intensity ratio biological windows |
| title | Structural and Luminescence Properties of (Gd<sub>1−x</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Powders Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> Ions for Temperature Measurements |
| title_full | Structural and Luminescence Properties of (Gd<sub>1−x</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Powders Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> Ions for Temperature Measurements |
| title_fullStr | Structural and Luminescence Properties of (Gd<sub>1−x</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Powders Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> Ions for Temperature Measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural and Luminescence Properties of (Gd<sub>1−x</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Powders Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> Ions for Temperature Measurements |
| title_short | Structural and Luminescence Properties of (Gd<sub>1−x</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Powders Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> Ions for Temperature Measurements |
| title_sort | structural and luminescence properties of gd sub 1 x sub y sub x sub sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub powders doped with nd sup 3 sup ions for temperature measurements |
| topic | fluorescence thermometry neodymium doped crystalline powder relative thermal sensitivity fluorescence intensity ratio biological windows |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/5/4/84 |
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