Development of Proportional–Integrative–Derivative (PID) Optimized for the MicroElectric Discharge Machine Fabrication of Nano-Bismuth Colloid
Metal nanoparticles are typically prepared by using a chemical method, and a suspension is added to control the particle size and concentration of the nanoparticles. In this study, a micro-electric discharge machine (micro-EDM) was used to melt bismuth into nanoparticles, thus yielding a colloidal s...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/11/12/1065 |
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| author | Kuo-Hsiung Tseng Chaur-Yang Chang Yagus Cahyadi Meng-Yun Chung Chin-Liang Hsieh |
| author_facet | Kuo-Hsiung Tseng Chaur-Yang Chang Yagus Cahyadi Meng-Yun Chung Chin-Liang Hsieh |
| author_sort | Kuo-Hsiung Tseng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metal nanoparticles are typically prepared by using a chemical method, and a suspension is added to control the particle size and concentration of the nanoparticles. In this study, a micro-electric discharge machine (micro-EDM) was used to melt bismuth into nanoparticles, thus yielding a colloidal solution. No chemicals were added during the manufacturing process, and pure water was used as the medium. The colloid was assessed using an electrohydraulic system, and process parameters were adjusted for optimization; additionally, the discharge pulse wave was analyzed. The proposed preparation process is simple, fast, and cost-effective; moreover, the manufacturing process allows for mass production and reduces environmental pollution. Experimental results revealed that the nano-bismuth (nano-bi) colloidal solution was successfully prepared by the micro-EDM, and absorption peaks in the UV-vis spectrum were observed at 234 and 237 nm. Moreover, to optimize the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control parameters to be used in the micro-EDM to prepare the nano-bi colloidal solution, this study derived a mathematical model of the micro-EDM. MATLAB was used to obtain the PID parameters. The discharge success rate (74.1876%) for the nano-bi colloidal solution prepared using our method was higher than that (46.9196%) obtained for a nano-bi colloidal solution prepared using an online adaptation method. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:26:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b122e9acbd8b40c4ac1c9cfb46615235 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:26:29Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-b122e9acbd8b40c4ac1c9cfb466152352023-11-20T22:58:12ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2020-11-011112106510.3390/mi11121065Development of Proportional–Integrative–Derivative (PID) Optimized for the MicroElectric Discharge Machine Fabrication of Nano-Bismuth ColloidKuo-Hsiung Tseng0Chaur-Yang Chang1Yagus Cahyadi2Meng-Yun Chung3Chin-Liang Hsieh4Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, TaiwanManagement Department, Infosystem Technology, Hsinchu 30062, TaiwanMetal nanoparticles are typically prepared by using a chemical method, and a suspension is added to control the particle size and concentration of the nanoparticles. In this study, a micro-electric discharge machine (micro-EDM) was used to melt bismuth into nanoparticles, thus yielding a colloidal solution. No chemicals were added during the manufacturing process, and pure water was used as the medium. The colloid was assessed using an electrohydraulic system, and process parameters were adjusted for optimization; additionally, the discharge pulse wave was analyzed. The proposed preparation process is simple, fast, and cost-effective; moreover, the manufacturing process allows for mass production and reduces environmental pollution. Experimental results revealed that the nano-bismuth (nano-bi) colloidal solution was successfully prepared by the micro-EDM, and absorption peaks in the UV-vis spectrum were observed at 234 and 237 nm. Moreover, to optimize the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control parameters to be used in the micro-EDM to prepare the nano-bi colloidal solution, this study derived a mathematical model of the micro-EDM. MATLAB was used to obtain the PID parameters. The discharge success rate (74.1876%) for the nano-bi colloidal solution prepared using our method was higher than that (46.9196%) obtained for a nano-bi colloidal solution prepared using an online adaptation method.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/11/12/1065electrical spark discharge methodmicro-EDMPIDnano-bismuth colloid |
| spellingShingle | Kuo-Hsiung Tseng Chaur-Yang Chang Yagus Cahyadi Meng-Yun Chung Chin-Liang Hsieh Development of Proportional–Integrative–Derivative (PID) Optimized for the MicroElectric Discharge Machine Fabrication of Nano-Bismuth Colloid Micromachines electrical spark discharge method micro-EDM PID nano-bismuth colloid |
| title | Development of Proportional–Integrative–Derivative (PID) Optimized for the MicroElectric Discharge Machine Fabrication of Nano-Bismuth Colloid |
| title_full | Development of Proportional–Integrative–Derivative (PID) Optimized for the MicroElectric Discharge Machine Fabrication of Nano-Bismuth Colloid |
| title_fullStr | Development of Proportional–Integrative–Derivative (PID) Optimized for the MicroElectric Discharge Machine Fabrication of Nano-Bismuth Colloid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Proportional–Integrative–Derivative (PID) Optimized for the MicroElectric Discharge Machine Fabrication of Nano-Bismuth Colloid |
| title_short | Development of Proportional–Integrative–Derivative (PID) Optimized for the MicroElectric Discharge Machine Fabrication of Nano-Bismuth Colloid |
| title_sort | development of proportional integrative derivative pid optimized for the microelectric discharge machine fabrication of nano bismuth colloid |
| topic | electrical spark discharge method micro-EDM PID nano-bismuth colloid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/11/12/1065 |
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