Effects of Fungicides and Nontarget Pesticides on Accumulation of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivlenol in Wheat
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is an important virulence factor of the <i>Fusarium</i> head blight of wheat and threatens the health of humans. The effect of fungicides on DON production after stressing wheat to produce H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and the effect of nontarget...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/9/768 |
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| author | Chao Ju Fan Jiang Yuan Gao Tongwu Chen Jiakuo Cao Junbo Lv Yanxiang Zhao Yongquan Zheng Wei Guo Jinguang Huang |
| author_facet | Chao Ju Fan Jiang Yuan Gao Tongwu Chen Jiakuo Cao Junbo Lv Yanxiang Zhao Yongquan Zheng Wei Guo Jinguang Huang |
| author_sort | Chao Ju |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Deoxynivalenol (DON) is an important virulence factor of the <i>Fusarium</i> head blight of wheat and threatens the health of humans. The effect of fungicides on DON production after stressing wheat to produce H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and the effect of nontarget pesticides on DON accumulation are largely unknown. Five pesticides were selected to explore the effect of pesticide-induced oxidative stress on DON production in vitro and in vivo. Epoxiconazole and hexaconazole significantly induced an increase in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in vitro, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> further stimulated the production of DON and the expression of the Tri5 gene. Imidacloprid, isoproturon, and mesosulfuron-methyl had no direct effect in vitro. All pesticides activated the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in wheat and caused the excessive accumulation of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. However, excessive H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> did not stimulate the accumulation of DON. Imidacloprid indirectly stimulated the production of DON in vivo, which may be due to its impact on the secondary metabolism of wheat. In brief, pesticide-induced H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in vitro is an important factor in stimulating DON production, but the stressed physiological H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in wheat is not sufficient to stimulate DON production. The bioaccumulation results indicated that imidacloprid and epoxiconazole increase the risk of DON contamination, especially under field spraying conditions. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:53:55Z |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-b12333627a7e4981a42c1a29552da33a2023-11-19T13:14:53ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-09-0111976810.3390/toxics11090768Effects of Fungicides and Nontarget Pesticides on Accumulation of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivlenol in WheatChao Ju0Fan Jiang1Yuan Gao2Tongwu Chen3Jiakuo Cao4Junbo Lv5Yanxiang Zhao6Yongquan Zheng7Wei Guo8Jinguang Huang9Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaInstitute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, ChinaShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaDeoxynivalenol (DON) is an important virulence factor of the <i>Fusarium</i> head blight of wheat and threatens the health of humans. The effect of fungicides on DON production after stressing wheat to produce H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and the effect of nontarget pesticides on DON accumulation are largely unknown. Five pesticides were selected to explore the effect of pesticide-induced oxidative stress on DON production in vitro and in vivo. Epoxiconazole and hexaconazole significantly induced an increase in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in vitro, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> further stimulated the production of DON and the expression of the Tri5 gene. Imidacloprid, isoproturon, and mesosulfuron-methyl had no direct effect in vitro. All pesticides activated the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in wheat and caused the excessive accumulation of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. However, excessive H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> did not stimulate the accumulation of DON. Imidacloprid indirectly stimulated the production of DON in vivo, which may be due to its impact on the secondary metabolism of wheat. In brief, pesticide-induced H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in vitro is an important factor in stimulating DON production, but the stressed physiological H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in wheat is not sufficient to stimulate DON production. The bioaccumulation results indicated that imidacloprid and epoxiconazole increase the risk of DON contamination, especially under field spraying conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/9/768deoxynivalenol<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>wheatH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>pesticidesin vitro |
| spellingShingle | Chao Ju Fan Jiang Yuan Gao Tongwu Chen Jiakuo Cao Junbo Lv Yanxiang Zhao Yongquan Zheng Wei Guo Jinguang Huang Effects of Fungicides and Nontarget Pesticides on Accumulation of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivlenol in Wheat Toxics deoxynivalenol <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> wheat H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> pesticides in vitro |
| title | Effects of Fungicides and Nontarget Pesticides on Accumulation of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivlenol in Wheat |
| title_full | Effects of Fungicides and Nontarget Pesticides on Accumulation of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivlenol in Wheat |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Fungicides and Nontarget Pesticides on Accumulation of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivlenol in Wheat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Fungicides and Nontarget Pesticides on Accumulation of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivlenol in Wheat |
| title_short | Effects of Fungicides and Nontarget Pesticides on Accumulation of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivlenol in Wheat |
| title_sort | effects of fungicides and nontarget pesticides on accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivlenol in wheat |
| topic | deoxynivalenol <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> wheat H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> pesticides in vitro |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/9/768 |
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