Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Development and Bone Homeostasis
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) superfamily. These proteins are essential to many developmental processes, including cardiogenesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis. Specifically, within the BMP family, Bon...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2221-3759/8/3/19 |
| _version_ | 1797553802695409664 |
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| author | Daniel Halloran Hilary W. Durbano Anja Nohe |
| author_facet | Daniel Halloran Hilary W. Durbano Anja Nohe |
| author_sort | Daniel Halloran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) superfamily. These proteins are essential to many developmental processes, including cardiogenesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis. Specifically, within the BMP family, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) was the first BMP to be characterized and has been well-studied. BMP-2 has important roles during embryonic development, as well as bone remodeling and homeostasis in adulthood. Some of its specific functions include digit formation and activating osteogenic genes, such as <i>Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2</i> (<i>RUNX2</i>). Because of its diverse functions and osteogenic potential, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved usage of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) during spinal fusion surgery, tibial shaft repair, and maxillary sinus reconstructive surgery. However, shortly after initial injections of rhBMP-2, several adverse complications were reported, and alternative therapeutics have been developed to limit these side-effects. As the clinical application of BMP-2 is largely implicated in bone, we focus primarily on its role in bone. However, we also describe briefly the role of BMP-2 in development. We then focus on the structure of BMP-2, its activation and regulation signaling pathways, BMP-2 clinical applications, and limitations of using BMP-2 as a therapeutic. Further, this review explores other potential treatments that may be useful in treating bone disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:21:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b12d0de1a67a44608af96fa058e16086 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2221-3759 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:21:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b12d0de1a67a44608af96fa058e160862023-11-20T13:36:29ZengMDPI AGJournal of Developmental Biology2221-37592020-09-01831910.3390/jdb8030019Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Development and Bone HomeostasisDaniel Halloran0Hilary W. Durbano1Anja Nohe2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USABone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) superfamily. These proteins are essential to many developmental processes, including cardiogenesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis. Specifically, within the BMP family, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) was the first BMP to be characterized and has been well-studied. BMP-2 has important roles during embryonic development, as well as bone remodeling and homeostasis in adulthood. Some of its specific functions include digit formation and activating osteogenic genes, such as <i>Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2</i> (<i>RUNX2</i>). Because of its diverse functions and osteogenic potential, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved usage of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) during spinal fusion surgery, tibial shaft repair, and maxillary sinus reconstructive surgery. However, shortly after initial injections of rhBMP-2, several adverse complications were reported, and alternative therapeutics have been developed to limit these side-effects. As the clinical application of BMP-2 is largely implicated in bone, we focus primarily on its role in bone. However, we also describe briefly the role of BMP-2 in development. We then focus on the structure of BMP-2, its activation and regulation signaling pathways, BMP-2 clinical applications, and limitations of using BMP-2 as a therapeutic. Further, this review explores other potential treatments that may be useful in treating bone disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/2221-3759/8/3/19developmentBMP-2CK2CK2.3osteoporosisosteoblasts |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Halloran Hilary W. Durbano Anja Nohe Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Development and Bone Homeostasis Journal of Developmental Biology development BMP-2 CK2 CK2.3 osteoporosis osteoblasts |
| title | Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Development and Bone Homeostasis |
| title_full | Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Development and Bone Homeostasis |
| title_fullStr | Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Development and Bone Homeostasis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Development and Bone Homeostasis |
| title_short | Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Development and Bone Homeostasis |
| title_sort | bone morphogenetic protein 2 in development and bone homeostasis |
| topic | development BMP-2 CK2 CK2.3 osteoporosis osteoblasts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2221-3759/8/3/19 |
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