Difference in Uptake of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxins into Liver Tissue Slices among Pufferfish, Boxfish and Porcupinefish
Although pufferfish of the family Tetraodontidae contain high levels of tetrodotoxin (TTX) mainly in the liver, some species of pufferfish, boxfish of the family Ostraciidae, and porcupinefish of the family Diodontidae do not. To clarify the mechanisms, uptake of TTX and saxitoxins (STXs) into liver...
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MDPI AG
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/1/17 |
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| author | Yuji Nagashima Akira Ohta Xianzhe Yin Shoichiro Ishizaki Takuya Matsumoto Hiroyuki Doi Toshiaki Ishibashi |
| author_facet | Yuji Nagashima Akira Ohta Xianzhe Yin Shoichiro Ishizaki Takuya Matsumoto Hiroyuki Doi Toshiaki Ishibashi |
| author_sort | Yuji Nagashima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although pufferfish of the family Tetraodontidae contain high levels of tetrodotoxin (TTX) mainly in the liver, some species of pufferfish, boxfish of the family Ostraciidae, and porcupinefish of the family Diodontidae do not. To clarify the mechanisms, uptake of TTX and saxitoxins (STXs) into liver tissue slices of pufferfish, boxfish and porcupinefish was examined. Liver tissue slices of the pufferfish (toxic species Takifugu rubripes and non-toxic species Lagocephalus spadiceus, L. cheesemanii and Sphoeroides pachygaster) incubated with 50 µM TTX accumulated TTX (0.99–1.55 µg TTX/mg protein) after 8 h, regardless of the toxicity of the species. In contrast, in liver tissue slices of boxfish (Ostracion immaculatus) and porcupinefish (Diodon holocanthus, D. liturosus, D. hystrix and Chilomycterus reticulatus), TTX content did not increase with incubation time, and was about 0.1 µg TTX/mg protein. When liver tissue slices were incubated with 50 µM STXs for 8 h, the STXs content was <0.1 µg STXs/mg protein, irrespective of the fish species. These findings indicate that, like the toxic species of pufferfish T. rubripes, non-toxic species such as L. spadiceus, L. cheesemanii and S. pachygaster, potentially take up TTX into the liver, while non-toxic boxfish and porcupinefish do not take up either TTX or STXs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:59:07Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:59:07Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-b1321fa3114042a1a9e49caa2f80a18d2022-12-22T02:57:10ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972018-01-011611710.3390/md16010017md16010017Difference in Uptake of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxins into Liver Tissue Slices among Pufferfish, Boxfish and PorcupinefishYuji Nagashima0Akira Ohta1Xianzhe Yin2Shoichiro Ishizaki3Takuya Matsumoto4Hiroyuki Doi5Toshiaki Ishibashi6Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, JapanDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, JapanDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, JapanDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, JapanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Hiroshima 727-0023, JapanShimonoseki Marine Science Museum “Kaikyokan”, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0036, JapanShimonoseki Marine Science Museum “Kaikyokan”, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0036, JapanAlthough pufferfish of the family Tetraodontidae contain high levels of tetrodotoxin (TTX) mainly in the liver, some species of pufferfish, boxfish of the family Ostraciidae, and porcupinefish of the family Diodontidae do not. To clarify the mechanisms, uptake of TTX and saxitoxins (STXs) into liver tissue slices of pufferfish, boxfish and porcupinefish was examined. Liver tissue slices of the pufferfish (toxic species Takifugu rubripes and non-toxic species Lagocephalus spadiceus, L. cheesemanii and Sphoeroides pachygaster) incubated with 50 µM TTX accumulated TTX (0.99–1.55 µg TTX/mg protein) after 8 h, regardless of the toxicity of the species. In contrast, in liver tissue slices of boxfish (Ostracion immaculatus) and porcupinefish (Diodon holocanthus, D. liturosus, D. hystrix and Chilomycterus reticulatus), TTX content did not increase with incubation time, and was about 0.1 µg TTX/mg protein. When liver tissue slices were incubated with 50 µM STXs for 8 h, the STXs content was <0.1 µg STXs/mg protein, irrespective of the fish species. These findings indicate that, like the toxic species of pufferfish T. rubripes, non-toxic species such as L. spadiceus, L. cheesemanii and S. pachygaster, potentially take up TTX into the liver, while non-toxic boxfish and porcupinefish do not take up either TTX or STXs.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/1/17pufferfishboxfishporcupinefishtetrodotoxinsaxitoxinsliver tissue slicein vitro incubationparalytic shellfish toxins |
| spellingShingle | Yuji Nagashima Akira Ohta Xianzhe Yin Shoichiro Ishizaki Takuya Matsumoto Hiroyuki Doi Toshiaki Ishibashi Difference in Uptake of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxins into Liver Tissue Slices among Pufferfish, Boxfish and Porcupinefish Marine Drugs pufferfish boxfish porcupinefish tetrodotoxin saxitoxins liver tissue slice in vitro incubation paralytic shellfish toxins |
| title | Difference in Uptake of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxins into Liver Tissue Slices among Pufferfish, Boxfish and Porcupinefish |
| title_full | Difference in Uptake of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxins into Liver Tissue Slices among Pufferfish, Boxfish and Porcupinefish |
| title_fullStr | Difference in Uptake of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxins into Liver Tissue Slices among Pufferfish, Boxfish and Porcupinefish |
| title_full_unstemmed | Difference in Uptake of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxins into Liver Tissue Slices among Pufferfish, Boxfish and Porcupinefish |
| title_short | Difference in Uptake of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxins into Liver Tissue Slices among Pufferfish, Boxfish and Porcupinefish |
| title_sort | difference in uptake of tetrodotoxin and saxitoxins into liver tissue slices among pufferfish boxfish and porcupinefish |
| topic | pufferfish boxfish porcupinefish tetrodotoxin saxitoxins liver tissue slice in vitro incubation paralytic shellfish toxins |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/1/17 |
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