Insights Into Adolescents' Substance Use in a Low–Middle-Income Country During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic and its lockdown have been a significant life event for many individuals, particularly adolescents. The immense psychological pressure could drive risky behavior, e.g., substance use, while lockdown might lead to decreased use. This study aimed to observe the chan...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.739698/full |
| _version_ | 1819020276550074368 |
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| author | Lee Thung Sen Kristiana Siste Enjeline Hanafi Belinda Julivia Murtani Hans Christian Albert Prabowo Limawan Adrian Levina Putri Siswidiani |
| author_facet | Lee Thung Sen Kristiana Siste Enjeline Hanafi Belinda Julivia Murtani Hans Christian Albert Prabowo Limawan Adrian Levina Putri Siswidiani |
| author_sort | Lee Thung Sen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic and its lockdown have been a significant life event for many individuals, particularly adolescents. The immense psychological pressure could drive risky behavior, e.g., substance use, while lockdown might lead to decreased use. This study aimed to observe the change in substance use among adolescents in Indonesia and the moderating variables to consumption during the COVID-19 lockdown period.Methods: This study utilized an online survey from April 28, 2020 to June 30, 2020. The hyperlink was disseminated to school administrators and parenting groups through social media and direct messages. A total of 2,932 adolescents (17.4 ± 2.24 and 78.7% females) submitted valid responses. The survey was comprised of a sociodemographic section, substance use details, and psychometric sections, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Cigarette Dependence Scale 12 (CDS-12), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).Results: Overall, adolescent alcohol use during the pandemic was 5.1%, cigarette smoking was 3.1%, and drug consumption was 0.4%. Over half (53.4%) of alcohol drinkers reported increased drinking, and 33.1% had harmful or dependence-like drinking behavior; in contrast, 44.4% of adolescent smokers disclosed reduced cigarette consumption. Around 37.8% of the drug users indicated increased use. During the pandemic, adolescent alcohol use was associated with higher education [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–4.86, p = 0.04], higher AUDIT scores (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.25–1.42, p < 0.001), and very low prosocial behavior (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.52–3.88, p < 0.001). Cigarette smoking was correlated with male sex (AOR = 9.56, 95% CI 5.64–16.62, p < 0.001), age (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.14–1.75, p < 0.001), and higher CDS score (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.13–1.20, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Rates of adolescent substance use were significant, with sizeable proportions reporting higher usage. This appeared to occur predominantly in specific demographics and those with a lower protective psychosocial attribute, i.e., prosocial behavior, during the lockdown. These findings should urge the strengthening of adolescent addiction care during and after the pandemic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:48:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b13f6dd520914a4dbaac7e8b67161e0a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:48:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-b13f6dd520914a4dbaac7e8b67161e0a2022-12-21T19:17:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402021-10-011210.3389/fpsyt.2021.739698739698Insights Into Adolescents' Substance Use in a Low–Middle-Income Country During the COVID-19 PandemicLee Thung SenKristiana SisteEnjeline HanafiBelinda Julivia MurtaniHans ChristianAlbert Prabowo Limawan AdrianLevina Putri SiswidianiIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic and its lockdown have been a significant life event for many individuals, particularly adolescents. The immense psychological pressure could drive risky behavior, e.g., substance use, while lockdown might lead to decreased use. This study aimed to observe the change in substance use among adolescents in Indonesia and the moderating variables to consumption during the COVID-19 lockdown period.Methods: This study utilized an online survey from April 28, 2020 to June 30, 2020. The hyperlink was disseminated to school administrators and parenting groups through social media and direct messages. A total of 2,932 adolescents (17.4 ± 2.24 and 78.7% females) submitted valid responses. The survey was comprised of a sociodemographic section, substance use details, and psychometric sections, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Cigarette Dependence Scale 12 (CDS-12), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).Results: Overall, adolescent alcohol use during the pandemic was 5.1%, cigarette smoking was 3.1%, and drug consumption was 0.4%. Over half (53.4%) of alcohol drinkers reported increased drinking, and 33.1% had harmful or dependence-like drinking behavior; in contrast, 44.4% of adolescent smokers disclosed reduced cigarette consumption. Around 37.8% of the drug users indicated increased use. During the pandemic, adolescent alcohol use was associated with higher education [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–4.86, p = 0.04], higher AUDIT scores (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.25–1.42, p < 0.001), and very low prosocial behavior (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.52–3.88, p < 0.001). Cigarette smoking was correlated with male sex (AOR = 9.56, 95% CI 5.64–16.62, p < 0.001), age (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.14–1.75, p < 0.001), and higher CDS score (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.13–1.20, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Rates of adolescent substance use were significant, with sizeable proportions reporting higher usage. This appeared to occur predominantly in specific demographics and those with a lower protective psychosocial attribute, i.e., prosocial behavior, during the lockdown. These findings should urge the strengthening of adolescent addiction care during and after the pandemic.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.739698/fulladolescentalcoholcigarettedrugsCOVID-19Indonesia |
| spellingShingle | Lee Thung Sen Kristiana Siste Enjeline Hanafi Belinda Julivia Murtani Hans Christian Albert Prabowo Limawan Adrian Levina Putri Siswidiani Insights Into Adolescents' Substance Use in a Low–Middle-Income Country During the COVID-19 Pandemic Frontiers in Psychiatry adolescent alcohol cigarette drugs COVID-19 Indonesia |
| title | Insights Into Adolescents' Substance Use in a Low–Middle-Income Country During the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_full | Insights Into Adolescents' Substance Use in a Low–Middle-Income Country During the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_fullStr | Insights Into Adolescents' Substance Use in a Low–Middle-Income Country During the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights Into Adolescents' Substance Use in a Low–Middle-Income Country During the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_short | Insights Into Adolescents' Substance Use in a Low–Middle-Income Country During the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_sort | insights into adolescents substance use in a low middle income country during the covid 19 pandemic |
| topic | adolescent alcohol cigarette drugs COVID-19 Indonesia |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.739698/full |
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