Effect of Glyphosate and Carbaryl Applications on Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) Biomass and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Root Colonization in Organic Soil
Pesticide application in horticultural crops has recently multiplied to increase crop yields and boost economic return. Consequently, the effects of pesticides on soil organisms and plant symbionts is an evolving subject of research. In this short-term study, we evaluated the effects of glyphosate (...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/5/415 |
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| author | Ariel Freidenreich Saoli Chanda Sanku Dattamudi Krishnaswamy Jayachandran |
| author_facet | Ariel Freidenreich Saoli Chanda Sanku Dattamudi Krishnaswamy Jayachandran |
| author_sort | Ariel Freidenreich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pesticide application in horticultural crops has recently multiplied to increase crop yields and boost economic return. Consequently, the effects of pesticides on soil organisms and plant symbionts is an evolving subject of research. In this short-term study, we evaluated the effects of glyphosate (herbicide) and carbaryl (insecticide) on okra biomass and AMF root colonization in both shade house and field settings. An additional treatment, the combination of glyphosate and carbaryl, was applied in the field trial. Soil and root samples were collected three times during the experiment: 30 days after planting (before first spray, or T0), 45 days after planting (before second spray, or T1), and at full maturity (at 66 days after planting, or T2). Our results indicate that glyphosate and combined treatments were most effective in controlling weeds and produced almost 40% higher okra biomass than the control. There was a ~40% increase in AMF root colonization in glyphosate-treated plots from T0 to T1. This result was likely due to high initial soil P content, high soil temperature, and low rainfall, which aided in the rapid degradation of glyphosate in the soil. However, at T2 (second spray), high rainfall and the presence of excess glyphosate resulted in a 15% reduction in AMF root colonization when compared to T1. We found carbaryl had little to negligible effect on AMF root colonization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:47:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b13fe93e9ee54666a8deba76897c6aa1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:47:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-b13fe93e9ee54666a8deba76897c6aa12023-11-23T11:16:56ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242022-05-018541510.3390/horticulturae8050415Effect of Glyphosate and Carbaryl Applications on Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) Biomass and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Root Colonization in Organic SoilAriel Freidenreich0Saoli Chanda1Sanku Dattamudi2Krishnaswamy Jayachandran3Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USADepartment of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USADepartment of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USADepartment of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAPesticide application in horticultural crops has recently multiplied to increase crop yields and boost economic return. Consequently, the effects of pesticides on soil organisms and plant symbionts is an evolving subject of research. In this short-term study, we evaluated the effects of glyphosate (herbicide) and carbaryl (insecticide) on okra biomass and AMF root colonization in both shade house and field settings. An additional treatment, the combination of glyphosate and carbaryl, was applied in the field trial. Soil and root samples were collected three times during the experiment: 30 days after planting (before first spray, or T0), 45 days after planting (before second spray, or T1), and at full maturity (at 66 days after planting, or T2). Our results indicate that glyphosate and combined treatments were most effective in controlling weeds and produced almost 40% higher okra biomass than the control. There was a ~40% increase in AMF root colonization in glyphosate-treated plots from T0 to T1. This result was likely due to high initial soil P content, high soil temperature, and low rainfall, which aided in the rapid degradation of glyphosate in the soil. However, at T2 (second spray), high rainfall and the presence of excess glyphosate resulted in a 15% reduction in AMF root colonization when compared to T1. We found carbaryl had little to negligible effect on AMF root colonization.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/5/415herbicidehorticultural cropinsecticiderhizospheresoil health |
| spellingShingle | Ariel Freidenreich Saoli Chanda Sanku Dattamudi Krishnaswamy Jayachandran Effect of Glyphosate and Carbaryl Applications on Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) Biomass and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Root Colonization in Organic Soil Horticulturae herbicide horticultural crop insecticide rhizosphere soil health |
| title | Effect of Glyphosate and Carbaryl Applications on Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) Biomass and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Root Colonization in Organic Soil |
| title_full | Effect of Glyphosate and Carbaryl Applications on Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) Biomass and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Root Colonization in Organic Soil |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Glyphosate and Carbaryl Applications on Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) Biomass and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Root Colonization in Organic Soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Glyphosate and Carbaryl Applications on Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) Biomass and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Root Colonization in Organic Soil |
| title_short | Effect of Glyphosate and Carbaryl Applications on Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) Biomass and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Root Colonization in Organic Soil |
| title_sort | effect of glyphosate and carbaryl applications on okra i abelmoschus esculentus i biomass and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi amf root colonization in organic soil |
| topic | herbicide horticultural crop insecticide rhizosphere soil health |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/5/415 |
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