Birth of a poly(A) tail: mechanisms and control of mRNA polyadenylation
During their synthesis in the cell nucleus, most eukaryotic mRNAs undergo a two‐step 3′‐end processing reaction in which the pre‐mRNA is cleaved and released from the transcribing RNA polymerase II and a polyadenosine (poly(A)) tail is added to the newly formed 3′‐end. These biochemical reactions mi...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-07-01
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| Series: | FEBS Open Bio |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.13528 |
| _version_ | 1797789165890306048 |
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| author | Juan B. Rodríguez‐Molina Matti Turtola |
| author_facet | Juan B. Rodríguez‐Molina Matti Turtola |
| author_sort | Juan B. Rodríguez‐Molina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During their synthesis in the cell nucleus, most eukaryotic mRNAs undergo a two‐step 3′‐end processing reaction in which the pre‐mRNA is cleaved and released from the transcribing RNA polymerase II and a polyadenosine (poly(A)) tail is added to the newly formed 3′‐end. These biochemical reactions might appear simple at first sight (endonucleolytic RNA cleavage and synthesis of a homopolymeric tail), but their catalysis requires a multi‐faceted enzymatic machinery, the cleavage and polyadenylation complex (CPAC), which is composed of more than 20 individual protein subunits. The activity of CPAC is further orchestrated by Poly(A) Binding Proteins (PABPs), which decorate the poly(A) tail during its synthesis and guide the mRNA through subsequent gene expression steps. Here, we review the structure, molecular mechanism, and regulation of eukaryotic mRNA 3′‐end processing machineries with a focus on the polyadenylation step. We concentrate on the CPAC and PABPs from mammals and the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, because these systems are the best‐characterized at present. Comparison of their functions provides valuable insights into the principles of mRNA 3′‐end processing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:46:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b14c7bcfd80d45ad853a6d801ec51990 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-5463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:46:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | FEBS Open Bio |
| spelling | doaj.art-b14c7bcfd80d45ad853a6d801ec519902023-07-03T07:24:35ZengWileyFEBS Open Bio2211-54632023-07-011371140115310.1002/2211-5463.13528Birth of a poly(A) tail: mechanisms and control of mRNA polyadenylationJuan B. Rodríguez‐Molina0Matti Turtola1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge UKDepartment of Life Technologies University of Turku FinlandDuring their synthesis in the cell nucleus, most eukaryotic mRNAs undergo a two‐step 3′‐end processing reaction in which the pre‐mRNA is cleaved and released from the transcribing RNA polymerase II and a polyadenosine (poly(A)) tail is added to the newly formed 3′‐end. These biochemical reactions might appear simple at first sight (endonucleolytic RNA cleavage and synthesis of a homopolymeric tail), but their catalysis requires a multi‐faceted enzymatic machinery, the cleavage and polyadenylation complex (CPAC), which is composed of more than 20 individual protein subunits. The activity of CPAC is further orchestrated by Poly(A) Binding Proteins (PABPs), which decorate the poly(A) tail during its synthesis and guide the mRNA through subsequent gene expression steps. Here, we review the structure, molecular mechanism, and regulation of eukaryotic mRNA 3′‐end processing machineries with a focus on the polyadenylation step. We concentrate on the CPAC and PABPs from mammals and the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, because these systems are the best‐characterized at present. Comparison of their functions provides valuable insights into the principles of mRNA 3′‐end processing.https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.13528cleavage and polyadenylation factorcleavage factormRNA 3'‐end processingpoly(A) binding proteinpoly(A) tail lengthpolyadenylation |
| spellingShingle | Juan B. Rodríguez‐Molina Matti Turtola Birth of a poly(A) tail: mechanisms and control of mRNA polyadenylation FEBS Open Bio cleavage and polyadenylation factor cleavage factor mRNA 3'‐end processing poly(A) binding protein poly(A) tail length polyadenylation |
| title | Birth of a poly(A) tail: mechanisms and control of mRNA polyadenylation |
| title_full | Birth of a poly(A) tail: mechanisms and control of mRNA polyadenylation |
| title_fullStr | Birth of a poly(A) tail: mechanisms and control of mRNA polyadenylation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Birth of a poly(A) tail: mechanisms and control of mRNA polyadenylation |
| title_short | Birth of a poly(A) tail: mechanisms and control of mRNA polyadenylation |
| title_sort | birth of a poly a tail mechanisms and control of mrna polyadenylation |
| topic | cleavage and polyadenylation factor cleavage factor mRNA 3'‐end processing poly(A) binding protein poly(A) tail length polyadenylation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.13528 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juanbrodriguezmolina birthofapolyatailmechanismsandcontrolofmrnapolyadenylation AT mattiturtola birthofapolyatailmechanismsandcontrolofmrnapolyadenylation |